Bug's Meta-Fuel: Credits, Sources, Citations, and Extras for WKNY's "THE BLACK META": July 2019

As always, YOUR BLACK META is bringing MAXIMUM AWESOME! Music, Meta, and Mindful; local news and upcoming events; opportunities for engaging with and supporting local communities!

This week, our INTERVIEW is the Ulster County Recycles-team: Angelina Peone, Recycling Coordinator, and Melinda France, Recycling Educator of Ulster County Resource Recovery Agency (UCRRA)!

FreedomWalker's leading our exploration of some older, traditional ways of living made new, with more on Wabi-Sabi! And we're making the show SIZZLE with her super summer-jams!

And in our final week of this argumentation and reason series, beetle's taking deeper, closer looks at the most common and popular fallacies, and cognitive biases. We're giving a brief, but respectful nod to Bertrand Russell, and closing the series with a bit of apropos Norse Mythology!

SCHOOL'S OUT FOR SUMMER!!! SCHOOL'S OUT FOR-EVAH . . . OR UNTIL LATE AUGUST!!!!

--Your Black Meta!

TheBlackMetaWKNY@Gmail.com

THE INTERVIEW

Left to right: beetle, FreedomWalker (The Black Meta), Melinda France, and Angelina Peone (UCRRA)

The Ulster County Recycles-team: Angelina Peone, Recycling Coordinator, and Melinda France, Recycling Educator of Ulster County Resource Recovery Agency (UCRRA)

The mission of the Ulster County Resource Recovery Agency is to protect public health and the environment and to promote sustainable materials management practices in Ulster County by efficiently managing solid waste materials with a focus on resource conservation. www.ucrra.org/files/2015/01/UCRRA-Mission-Statement.pdf

The Vision Statement (detailing ways in which the mission is accomplished and providing a framework for annual strategic planning objectives): www.ucrra.org/files/2015/01/UCRRA-Mission-Statement.pdf

Ulster County Resource Recovery Agency (UCRRA) | Uccra.org | 999 Flatbush Rd, Kingston, NY 12401 | (845) 336-0600

Resources & Recommendations

Multimedia

"Ulster County Resource Recovery Agency- The Importance of Recycling." Ilene Cutler, Youtube. February 8, 2011. [4:28] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ftavP-HXzxg

Articles

Historically | In 1986, the Ulster County Legislature obtained authorization from the State Legislature for the creation of the Ulster County Resource Recovery Agency (the “Agency”), a public benefit corporation which was formed for the purpose of developing, financing, and implementing a comprehensive Countywide solid waste management program. In the mid-1980’s, after new initiatives to close non-complying exiting landfills were undertaken by the NYSDEC and strict requirements for the siting, construction, and operation of new disposal facilities were enacted, many communities found it beyond their financial and managerial capability to continue to dispose of waste in traditional ways. Consequently, many of the local municipalities in Ulster County requested that the Ulster County government assume the responsibility for solid waste management, and the Agency was created by the New York State Legislature pursuant to Chapter 936 of the Public Authorities Law approved December of 1986. The Agency’s organizational structure consists of a five-member Board of Directors; an Executive Director; Agency Counsel; and thirty administrative and operations personnel. www.ucrra.org/historical/

What services UCRRA offers:

SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL (TRASH AND CONSTRUCTION /DEMOLITION DEBRIS)–Contractors, businesses and residents with more than two cubic yards of waste can bring waste to any of the UCRRA’s two regional transfer stations (Ulster or New Paltz). No permit is required. Passenger Vehicles (cars), such as four door sedans, hatchbacks, station wagons, sports cars, etc. are not able to utilize the Agency facilities during the week due to the high volume of commercial truck traffic. However, you are able to use the transfer stations on Saturdays. Vans, large SUVs, pick ups, dump trucks, trucks and trailers, etc. can use the Agency Monday thru Saturday. ALL OPEN LOADS MUST BE TARPED. Anyone with a tractor trailer load of C&D must call the Agency first for special arrangements. Please click here for the fee schedule with locations and hours of operation.

RECYCLING-is ONLY accepted from commercial entities at UCRRA’s Kingston location. Proof of business must be shown. Dual stream recycling is FREE (recycling is separated). Please click here for the dual stream recycling instructions. The Agency does not accept Single-Stream recycling (recycling in one container). Please contact your hauler with questions regarding Single-Stream recycling. Residents, who do not have a hauler, please visit your local Town Transfer Station. Please click here for a list of Town Transfer Stations.

E-WASTE RECYCLING-Electronics are accepted Monday-Friday for FREE from 8:00 AM-3:00 PM, except on holidays. E-waste is only accepted at UCRRA’s Kingston location. Anyone can bring electronics to UCRRA, including businesses (with less than 50 employees) and non-profits (with less than 75 employees). You must sign-in at the office before dropping off electronics. Please click here for more information regarding electronic recycling.

HHW EVENTS-There are three events each year-Spring, Summer and Fall. These events are FREE to Ulster County residents ONLY. Registration is required. Please click here for more information regarding household hazardous waste.

COMPOST-is available for purchase Monday through Friday from 7 am to 4 pm; Saturday from 7 am to 3 pm for $30 per ton (minimum load $20) at the MRF located at 999 Flatbush Road in Kingston. Please note that the compost is not bagged at this time. Compost can only be purchased by truck or trailers; no cars. ***1 ton of compost is approximately equivalent to 2 cubic yards. The compost is certified by the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program and is tested quarterly at two different labs. Lab results are available; please click here.

SOURCE SEPARATED FOOD WASTE–is only accepted from commercial entities. The fee is $20/ton. Residents can not bring their food waste in at this time. Contact your local town transfer station to see if they accept food waste from residents.

THE AGENCY DOES NOT PROVIDE RESIDENTIAL PICK UP SERVICES OR ROLL OFF RENTALS. www.ucrra.org/what-services-ucrra-offers/

Board of Directors and Management/Staff | The purpose of the Board of Directors is to advise, govern, oversee policy and direction, and assist with the leadership of the Agency so as to support its mission. UCRRA’s Board is comprised of community leaders from various backgrounds who have been appointed by the Ulster County Legislature. Each member serves a three-year term and continues to hold office until a successor is appointed. www.ucrra.org/cornerstone-draft/

FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions): http://www.ucrra.org/faq/
Locations/Hours: http://www.ucrra.org/ucrraslocationsandhours/
Public Authorities (including mission statement, by laws, financial reports, budgets, etc.): http://www.ucrra.org/boardandstaff/public-authorities/

Social Media

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/UlsterCountyRRA
Google+: https://plus.google.com/103318213680178592321/posts

Support Our Community AND BE INFORMED

Community organizations to connect, to listen, and to be heard:

https://citizenactionny.org/about

https://citizenactionny.org/events/venues/7-grand-st-kingston-ny-12401-usa

https://kingstontenantsunion.org/

https://kingstontenantsunion.org/events/

https://kingstontenantsunion.org/news/

https://riseupkingston.org/

https://riseupkingston.org/blog

Upcoming Demonstrations

Your Meta will keep you updated about upcoming opportunities to speak up and speak out.

Upcoming Festivals and Concerts

Huichica East 2019 | AUGUST 9 - 10
Since 2016 Hudson Valley has hosted Huichica East, our East Coast incarnation of the popular Sonoma festival. Set at the beautiful and expansive Chaseholm Farm just south of Hudson, NY, Huichica East replicates the heart of Huichica, with epic pastoral settings, great music, tasty farm-grown food, and lovely people. Visit site for 2019 lineup. https://hudson.huichica.com

Woodsist Festival 2019 | Saturday, SEPTEMBER 28, 2019 | Arrowood Farms, Accord, NY | Gates: 12noon / Show: 1:00pm / End: 10pm (approx)
Lineup: Whitney • Real Estate • Woods • Kevin Morby Waxahatchee • Hand Habits • Bonny Doon • Wet Tuna • Anna St. Louis • Little Wings • DJ Jeff Conklin (WMFU) + More TBA. Visit site for more 2019 info. https://www.woodsist.com/woodsist-festival-2019/

FreedomWalker's Sources and Credits

COFFEE & GREEN TEA COMBO

Last.fm.com - Biography: Born, 23 December 1949 (age 69), Covington, Kenton County, Kentucky, United States

Adrian Belew (born December 23, 1949 as Robert Steven Belew) is an American guitarist and vocalist (and sometimes drummer, pianist and bass player), perhaps best known for his work as a member of the progressive rock group King Crimson, which he first joined in 1981. He has also released a number of solo albums for Island Records and Atlantic Records, and has worked with many other musicians.

THE SPRUCE

Thespruce.com

K-TOWN NEWS

Almanac Weekly
Ulstercountyalive.com

MINDFUL MUSEUM

Beforeitsnews.com
Book - "Awakening your IKIGAI," by Ken Mogi
Theailgnedlife.com - " The concept of Esho Funi"

beetle's Sources, Citations, Credits, and Links

INTERNET EDUCATION

Multimedia - Argumentation

Overviews:

"What is an Argument?" Kevin deLaplante, Youtube. January 29, 2013. [4:17] This video introduces the concept of an ARGUMENT as the term is used in logic and argumentation. (http://www.criticalthinkeracademy.com). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nq8-w2BAJkU
"Identifying Premises and Conclusions." Kevin deLaplante, Youtube. January 31, 2013. [5:34] Before you can analyze an argument you need to be sure that you've clearly identified the conclusion and the premises. This video discusses some of the challenges associated with this task. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07mehbgE5jc
"The Structure of Argument Overview." Susan Mulligan, Youtube. March 9, 2015. [3:09] This is a short Vidra video on the basic structure of a written argument. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dt6J_DoOmCw
"Structure of Argument." Friedprofessor K. Friedman, Youtube. February 22, 2017. [6:58] Basic and Classic Argument Structures. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VO4PCgFq8g
"Argument Structure." Karin Hogen, Youtube. August 12, 2015. [10:00] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hibix8OyQQ
"Basic Argument Structure." Ryan Kerr, Youtube. July 10, 2016. [6:46] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgTPw9J5a6M
"Basic Elements of Arguments." Professor RSP, Youtube. August 25, 2018. [37:43] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MltqtmNLiuY
"1.1 Basic Concepts: Arguments, Premises, & Conclusions." Mark Thorsby, Youtube. August 2, 2012. [35:32] This is the first video of the Introduction to Logic series in which Professor Thorsby covers the basics of arguments, premises, and conclusions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qL6HMPOYlVs
"Analyzing the argument - Part 1 of 2." Snap Language, Youtube. June 23, 2016. Analyzing the argument is an important skill in everyday life, but it is particularly important in academic reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Learn the basics of how arguments are built so you can analyze them more easily." https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pP8dWURrEF0
"Analyzing the Argument - Part 2 of 2." Snap Language, Youtube. July 27, 2017. [6:25] One way to analyze an argument is to evaluate the evidence presented. A well built argument must be supported by accurate, sufficient, and relevant evidence. Rather than simply accepting everything they read, critical readers ask questions. Critical reading is very important not only in academic reading, writing, listening, and speaking but also in every day life. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVf_iJpSIrM

. . . FULL PLAYLIST: "Critical Reading." Snap Language, Youtube. [4 videos, last updated on August 5, 2017.] How to be a critical reader by distinguishing facts and opinions, analyzing the argument, and detecting bias and fallacies. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLS9dE7WMFmJhf0iVdOF5YQG0V9wlX9bhD

"CRITICAL THINKING - Fundamentals: Validity [HD]." Wireless Philosophy, Youtube. October 31, 2014. [7:06] In this Wireless Philosophy video, Paul Henne (Duke University) discusses the philosophical concept of validity. After reviewing the structure of an argument, he defines validity: an argument is valid if and only if its premises guarantee the conclusion. He reviews a few examples of validity and invalidity, and he leaves you with one example to figure out on your own. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdJ6aGToDlo

. . . FULL PLAYLIST: "Introduction to Critical Thinking." Wireless Philosophy, Youtube. [35 video, last updated April 3, 2018.] https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtKNX4SfKpzX_bhh4LOEWEGy3pkLmFDmk

"An Overview of Common Logical Fallacies." Thinking-Ape, Youtube. April 6, 2015. [18:26] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_sjZVwAnwPA
"Logical Fallacies." Philosophy Vibe, Youtube. April 29, 2018. [8:39] Join George and John as they discuss and debate different Philosophical ideas. Today they will be looking into Logical Fallacies. A Logical Fallacy is a flaw in one’s logical reasoning, it is an incorrect argument used in debates which undermine a person’s case. Using a logical fallacy is an error can renders one argument invalid. In this video the two will run through the most commonly used Logical Fallacies and give examples of how these are used. This will be a good lesson in how not to argue in debates, and what fallacies to look out for should an opponent ever try to use one in a deep argument or discussion. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dP5imeWMDVg
"Logical Reasoning (Sound, Valid & Invalid arguments - Deductive, Inductive, Abductive Logic)." Philosophy Vibe, Youtbe. April 15, 2018. [6:50] Join George and John as they discuss and debate different Philosophical ideas. Today the two will be discussing Logical Reasoning. This is the method Philosophers use to create sound and valid arguments. The two will run through different arguments to show what makes a logically valid argument, a logically sound argument, as well as a logically invalid and not sound argument. They will also look into different kinds of Logical Reasoning such as Deductive reasoning, Inductive reasoning and Abductive reasoning. By the end of this video you will have a greater understanding of formulating a good argument, making the way you debate valid and sound, perfect practice for any debates you will find yourself in. https://youtu.be/lWhjFoC3PME
PLAYLIST: Introduction to Critical Thinking: https://www.youtube.com/user/WirelessPhilosophy/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=8 [3 playlists, (Critical Thinking: Fundamentals, Critical Thinking: Fallacies, Critical Thinking: Cognitive Biases) best if watched in order--beetle]
PLAYLIST: "Logic." Solomon's Cave, Youtube. [3 videos, last updated on October 5, 2018] Watch this playlist to help you develop logical thinking skills. Here I will put videos about arguments, logical fallacies, formal logic rules, and more. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4-uauxPRd90dp3wW5xTAZFnFPZRxjvri
"Logic & Arguments - logical fallacies (formal & informal fallacies)." NativLang, Youtube. January 30, 2012. [5:32] Learn how to use logic to examine arguments and identify logical fallacies. This lesson repeats and emphasizes the distinction between the form and content of an argument, and then introduces informal fallacies and formal fallacies, providing basic examples of each. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNeagdJd4rU
"A Brief History of Logic." Philosophy Overdose, Youtube. February 18, 2017. [42:02] Logic, the study of reasoning and argument, first became a serious area of study in the 4th century BC through the work of Aristotle. He created a formal logical system, based on a type of argument called a syllogism, which identified valid and invalid forms of argument and remained in use for over two thousand years. In the nineteenth century the German philosopher and mathematician Gottlob Frege revolutionised logic, turning it into a discipline much like mathematics and capable of dealing with, expressing, and analysing nuanced arguments. His discoveries influenced the greatest mathematicians and philosophers of the twentieth century and considerably aided the development of the electronic computer. Today logic is a subtle system with applications in fields as diverse as mathematics, philosophy, linguistics and artificial intelligence. Melvyn Bragg discusses logic and its history in this BBC episode of In Our Time with guests A.C. Grayling, Professor of Philosophy at Birkbeck, University of London, Peter Millican, Gilbert Ryle Fellow in Philosophy at Hertford College at the University of Oxford, and Rosanna Keefe, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Sheffield. This is from the BBC Radio 4 program In Our Time. For more information, go to: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006qykl. https://youtu.be/IBLzwKtfF0Y

Point-by-point HOW TOs:

"How to Argue - Philosophical Reasoning: Crash Course Philosophy #2." CrashCourse, Youtube. February 16, 2016. [9:42] Before we dive into the big questions of philosophy, you need to know how to argue properly. We’ll start with an overview of philosophical reasoning and breakdown of how deductive arguments work (and sometimes don’t work). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKEhdsnKKHs&t=1s
"How to Argue - Induction & Abduction: Crash Course Philosophy #3." CrashCourse, Youtube. February 22, 2016. [10:17] We continue our look at philosophical reasoning by introducing two more types: induction and abduction. Hank explains their strengths and weaknesses, as well as counterarguments and the Socratic method. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wrCpLJ1XAw
"Structure of Argument." Friedprofessor K. Friedman, Youtube. February 22, 2017. [6:58] Basic and Classic Argument Structures. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VO4PCgFq8g
"Debate Skill: Argument Building." Reading Pioneers Academy, Youtube. December 13, 2015. [11:08] The argument is a key weapon for a debater, however many people don't understand it's power. With this video, we learn about the structure of an argument and learn important tips and advice to making strong arguments to use in debates. Check our website for more debate resources: https://www.youtube.com/redirect?redir_token=im1ky49RuIPXp1rwyDSwMKy_IsB8MTU2MDUzMTI2MUAxNTYwNDQ0ODYx&event=video_description&v=1zZ4YEuThRw&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingpioneers.com%2Fcategory%2Fdebate
"Logic & Arguments - logical fallacies (formal & informal fallacies)." NativLang, Youtube. January 19, 2012. [5:32] Learn how to use logic to examine arguments and identify logical fallacies. This lesson repeats and emphasizes the distinction between the form and content of an argument, and then introduces informal fallacies and formal fallacies, providing basic examples of each. This video is part of a series of lessons exploring the logic of arguments. These lessons build on the introduction to logic, which presents logic as a language and a way to understand and analyze individual sentences.
"Logic & Arguments - premises & conclusions, truth, deduction vs. induction." NativLang, Youtube. January 19, 2012. [7:07] Learn how to use logic to examine arguments. This lesson introduces premises & conclusions, distinguishes the form of an argument from its content, conceptualizes truth & validity, and contrasts deductive & inductive reasoning. The video concludes with a brief overview of theories of truth (coherence, correspondence, foundationalism, etc.). This video is part of a series of lessons exploring the logic of arguments. These lessons build on the introduction to logic, which presents logic as a language and a way to understand and analyze individual sentences. I kept the section on truth short & superficial. If it's depth you crave, start with Stanford's articles on truth in logic: (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth/) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCXVYz8JOe4).
"What is an Informal Fallacy?" 60Second Philosophy, Youtube. October 17, 2017. [1:35] Thanks for watching, please comment and subscribe. We want to talk to you; that's what philosophy is all about! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrJQmjr35Rg
"31 logical fallacies in 8 minutes." Jill Bearup, Youtube. January 9, 2018. [8:10] I learned about fallacies recently, and it's nice to have a way to put a name to ways in which we don't think or argue logically. https://youtu.be/Qf03U04rqGQ
"22 Common Fallacies." Teachphilosophy, Youtube. August 28, 2015. [51:32] https://lucidphilosophy.com 22 common & Important informal fallacies from a philosopher's point of view. These include the appeal to nature, playing god, and cherry picking. For a text version, see my logic course on lucidphilosophy.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUO2asxV-J0
"7 Popular Logical Fallacies." Telltale Podcast, Youtube. October 9, 2018. [6:45] What is a logical fallacy? What are some of the most commonly used fallaciecs? How can I avoid using them? I address all of these questions in this video. Telltale Atheist Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9oG... | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRROX5821AI
"How to spot logical fallacies." Believing Thinkers, Youtube. STREAMED LIVE, June 8, 2019. [1:24:09] Join Sean and Erika as they discuss Logic, Logical fallacies, and Evidence. abusing academic resources, Doxastic involuntarism/voluntarism , Test for incoherence, Understanding Burden of Proof, and requirements for evidence and types/sources. patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=6448277 website: www.believingthinkers.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rItus7e8ve4
"common logical fallacies." MLNEnglishMajor, Youtube. January 7, 2013. [11:59] SLIDESHOW ONLY NO SOUND. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AFio5mGYbk
"12 Cognitive Biases Explained - How to Think Better and More Logically Removing Bias." [10:08] We are going to be explaining 12 cognitive biases in this video and presenting them in a format that you can easily understand to help you make better decision in your life. Cognitive biases are flaws in logical thinking that clear the path to bad decisions, so learning about these ideas can reduce errors in your thought process, leading to a more successful life. These biases are very closely related to logical fallacies, which may help you win an argument or present information better. 1)Anchoring Bias 2)Availability Heuristic bias 3)Bandwagon Bias 4)Choice Supportive Bias 5)Confirmation Bias 6)Ostrich Bias 7)Outcome Bias 8)Overconfidence 9)Placebo bias 10)Survivorship Bias 11)Selective Perception Bias 12)Blind Spot Bias https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEwGBIr_RIw

Put a Little LOGIC in Your Side, Front, and Back Hustles:

"The Five Paragraph Argumentative Essay Structure" Holly Bullock, Youtube. October 30, 2013. [5:49] This video will help you learn the structure of the five paragraph essay format used for argumentative writing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57qLMT6tZp0
"How to Write a Good Argumentative Essay: Logical Structure." Kevin deLaplante, Youtube. November 22, 2009. [9:50] This is a sample video from a full video tutorial course that teaches you how to improve your academic essay writing. The course is hosted on Udemy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tAmgEa1B1vI
"How to Write an Argumentative Essay by Shmoop." Shmoop, Youtube. March 26, 2013. [2:55] Argumentative Essay: http://www.shmoop.com/essay-lab/argum... Who doesn't love a good argument? There's something invigorating about persuading another to come around to your point of view. And hey - if you make them look a little stupid in the process, well... so be it. Learn more about writing on our website: (http://www.shmoop.com/essay-lab/). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-lzGy5gizKg

A Little (or a LOT) of all three:

"Critical Thinking." David Pakman Show, Youtube. [16 videos, last updated on March 25, 2018] The David Pakman Show critical thinking miniseries, including the basics of epistemology, arguments, reasoning, logical fallacies, and more. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLVrg5xLmCvhF79Ut_CBvv8HMPRjhIbXGa
"Critical Thinking Basics - Fallacies." Critical Thinking, Logic, and Argumentation (ReasonIO), Youtube. [32 videos, last updated on August 23, 2015] This playlist (currently in development) brings together my videos focused on particular fallacies, as well as more general videos about the nature of fallacious reasoning. In each of the videos of particular fallacies, I discuss what the fallacy is, map out its basic structure, point out what goes wrong with reasoning in the fallacy, examine three easy-to-understand examples, and give you advice about how to spot and avoid the fallacy. Eventually, this series will include over 50 videos on particular fallacies. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLy91AvVMEx_9q5dUC_w2AFzaS-qBN3mEg
"Critical Reasoning -The Structure of Argument." Shikshak ( mind school tsz ), Youtube. October 7, 2015. [34:42] What is an Argument ? The invisible assumption Spotting Reasons and Conclusions using conjunctions as key words. Practice questions, books, quizzes, new lessons. More at: (https://takshzila-shikshak.teachable.com)
"Episode 1.1: Introduction to Critical Thinking (revised)." Center for Innovation in Legal Education, Youtube. November 3, 2013. [12:48] A revised version of Episode 1.1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRmhB3MW6GE
"Episode 1.2: Understanding Arguments." Center for Innovation in Legal Education, Youtube. August 23, 2013. [10:35] A key component of critical thinking is understanding exactly what an argument is. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPgJCMd9a6k
"Episode 1.3: Deductive and Inductive Arguments." Center for Innovation in Legal Education, Youtube. August 23, 2013. [11:59] This episode covers two major types of arguments: deductive and inductive. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwtCScUoLw

. . . FULL PLAYLIST: "Critical Thinking." Center for Innovation in Legal Education, Youtube. [23 videos, last updated on July 2, 2014] Though you may not realize it, you use critical thinking skills ever day. Join us as we talk about critical thinking and how it applies to your every day life. This series is a good supplement to any classroom as a blended implementation. These modules were developed as a partnership between the David Eccles School of Business and the S.J. Quinney College of Law. Scripts were written by Jessica Taverna and David Plumlee. Narration by Aaron Dewald and Cole Holmes. Production by Lance Finch and Aaron Dewald. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpbtRdN7xWUcPT0qWBfC52FubQxcgdgjk

Resources & Articles - Argumentation

"What is the difference between formal and informal logical fallacies?" Quora.com, updated May 31, 2018. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-formal-and-informal-logical-fallacies
"Formal and Informal Fallacies: English 112: Exposition and Persuasion." Lumenlearning.com. Retrieved on July 7, 2019.https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ivytech-engl112/chapter/formal-and-informal-fallacies/
"15 Logical Fallacies You Should Know Before Getting Into a Debate." David Ferrer, Thebestschools.org. Updated February 25, 2019. https://thebestschools.org/magazine/15-logical-fallacies-know/
Your Logical Fallacy.Is."A logical fallacy is a flaw in reasoning. Logical fallacies are like tricks or illusions of thought, and they're often very sneakily used by politicians and the media to fool people. Don't be fooled! This website has been designed to help you identify and call out dodgy logic wherever it may raise its ugly, incoherent head. Rollover the icons above and click for examples. If you see someone committing a fallacy, link them to it. Yourlogicalfallacyis.com, retrieved July 7, 2019. https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com
"Your Bias.Is." Cognitive biases make our judgments irrational. We have evolved to use shortcuts in our thinking, which are often useful, but a cognitive bias means there’s a kind of misfiring going on causing us to lose objectivity. This website has been designed to help you identify some of the most common biases stuffing up your thinking. Click on the icons above to see full explanations on link-able pages e.g. yourbias.is/confirmation-bias and share this website to help make the world a more rational and thinky place. Yourbiasis, retrieved on July 7, 2019. https://yourbias.is
"Cognitive Biases - A Visual Study Guide." Efern211, Scribd.com. Retrieved on July 7, 2019. https://www.scribd.com/doc/30548590/Cognitive-Biases-A-Visual-Study-Guide
"Cognitive Bias Parade - an illustrated review of misjudgments and reconstructed realities." James Gill, Cognitivebiasparade.com. Retrieved on July 7, 2019. www.cognitivebiasparade.com

http://www.fallacyfiles.org
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abductive_reasoning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%E2%80%93synthetic_distinction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent_(logic)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_fallacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentation_framework
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_free_will
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_map
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentation_theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attacking_Faulty_Reasoning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_(disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_algebra
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Arguments
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Dilemmas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Doubt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fallacies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Informal_arguments
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Rational_choice_theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias#Common_theoretical_causes_of_some_cognitive_biases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completeness_(logic)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_proof
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency_(philosophy)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corresponding_conditional
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_reasoning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_system
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeasible_reasoning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilemma
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distinction_without_a_difference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duhem%E2%80%93Quine_thesis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exegesis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy#Informal_fallacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy_of_relevance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallibilism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiability
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_fallacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_system
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formalism_(philosophy_of_mathematics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottlob_Frege
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_and_only_if
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_and_only_if#Notation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_reasoning
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/infer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretation_(logic)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies#Informal_fallacies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_valid_argument_forms
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_criticism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_(disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_and_dialectic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_consequence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_constant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_necessity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_possibility
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_quantifier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_truth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loki%27s_Wager
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_conditional
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_(philosophy_of_language)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaningless_statement
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimesis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_fallacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessarily_true
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_analysis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_razor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possible_world
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premise
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_future_contingents
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductio_ad_absurdum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance_conditional
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_inference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_teapot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_veritate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_and_reference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular_term
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiled_Dove_Plea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundness
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundness_(interactive_proof)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundness#Soundness
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statement_(logic)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strict_conditional
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautology_(logic)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis,_antithesis,_synthesis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_value
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%E2%80%93token_distinction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usually
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use%E2%80%93mention_distinction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity_(logic)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_canon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicked_problem
https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/tools/lp/Bo/LogicalFallacies
https://www.theskepticsguide.org/resources/logical-fallacies
https://yourbias.is/
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/

Resources & Articles - Critical Thinking and Examination

http://academic.shu.edu/english/1201/Reading/critical-reading-strategies.htm
https://craftx.org/sites/all/themes/craft_blue/pdf/Interrogating_the_Text_Five_Close_Reading_Strategies_p4.pdf
http://gsi.berkeley.edu/media/Reading.pdf
https://students.case.edu/academic/workshops/success/doc/critread.pdf
http://writing.umn.edu/sws/assets/pdf/quicktips/criticalread.pdf
http://www.criticalreading.com/critical_reading_thinking.htm
http://www.criticalthinking.org/
https://www.csuohio.edu/writing-center/critical-reading-what-critical-reading-and-why-do-i-need-do-it
https://www.esc.edu/online-writing-center/resources/critical-reading-writing/
https://www.montclair.edu/center-for-writing-excellence/digital-dashboard/writer-resources/critical-reading/
https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/critical-reading.html
https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/critical-thinking.html
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ioe-writing-centre/critical-reading-and-writing/critical-reading-questions
http://www2.csudh.edu/ccauthen/099SBP/questions_for_critical_reading.htm
https://www2.open.ac.uk/students/skillsforstudy/critical-reading-techniques.php

Burden of Proof: The Power of an Unfalsifiable Statement

In an article titled "Is There a God?" commissioned, but never published, by Illustrated magazine in 1952, [Bertrand] Russell wrote:

Many orthodox people speak as though it were the business of sceptics to disprove received dogmas rather than of dogmatists to prove them. This is, of course, a mistake. If I were to suggest that between the Earth and Mars there is a china teapot revolving about the sun in an elliptical orbit, nobody would be able to disprove my assertion provided I were careful to add that the teapot is too small to be revealed even by our most powerful telescopes. But if I were to go on to say that, since my assertion cannot be disproved, it is intolerable presumption on the part of human reason to doubt it, I should rightly be thought to be talking nonsense. If, however, the existence of such a teapot were affirmed in ancient books, taught as the sacred truth every Sunday, and instilled into the minds of children at school, hesitation to believe in its existence would become a mark of eccentricity and entitle the doubter to the attentions of the psychiatrist in an enlightened age or of the Inquisitor in an earlier time.

Russell's teapot is an analogy, formulated by the philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), to illustrate that the philosophic burden of proof lies upon a person making unfalsifiable claims, rather than shifting the burden of disproof to others. Russell specifically applied his analogy in the context of religion.[1] He wrote that if he were to assert, without offering proof, that a teapot, too small to be seen by telescopes, orbits the Sun somewhere in space between the Earth and Mars, he could not expect anyone to believe him solely because his assertion could not be proven wrong. Russell's teapot is still invoked in discussions concerning the existence of God, and has had influence in various fields and media.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_teapot

Multimedia - Bertrand Russell

"Betrand [sic] Russell Life and Philosophy." Wes Cecil, Youtube. August 29, 2012. [1:00:20] A lecture delivered at Peninsula College by Wesley Cecil Ph.D. on the life and Philsophy of Bertrand Russell. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDg4rpGwIx0
"Noam Chomsky on Bertrand Russell." Radio Open Source, Youtube. June 1, 2017. [2:27] Noam Chomsky reveals why he so greatly admires the British philosopher Bertrand Russell. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_oSfqsGKFk
"Bertrand Russell - Face to Face Interview (BBC, 1959)." ReasonPublic, Youtube. March 13, 2012. [28:50] Bertrand Russell (1872 -- 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic. At various points in his life he considered himself a liberal, a socialist, and a pacifist, but he also admitted that he had never been any of these in any profound sense. He was born in Monmouthshire, into one of the most prominent aristocratic families in Britain. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bZv3pSaLtY
"Bertrand Russell - Mankind's Future & Philosophy." U.G. Krishnamurti, Youtube. December 24, 2013. [13:06] Bertrand Russell (18 May 1872 - 2 February 1970) in an interview with Woodrow Wyatt 1960. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvOcjzQ32Fw
"Bertrand Russell on Philosophy (1960)." Philosophy Overdose, Youtube. November 20, 2018. [13:06] A short interview with Bertrand Russell on philosophy from 1960. It's already on Youtube, but I tried to fix up the audio and video a bit. I also added English subtitles/cc. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rv_Ci4dB3NY
"Bertrand Russell on Religion (1959)." TurpisHaereticus, Youtube. January 9, 2010. [3:25] Bertrand Russell (May 1872 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, socialist, pacifist and social critic. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tP4FDLegX9s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDg4rpGwIx0
"A Conversation with Bertrand Russell (1952)." Manufacturing Intellect, Youtube. July 13, 2018. [28:53] Romney Wheeler interviews British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic Bertrand Russell at Russell's home in Surrey, England. »»﴿───► See more on the Authors Playlist. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fb3k6tB-Or8
"Bertrand Russell - Great Interview with John Chandos - 1961." Roman Styran, Youtube. February 3, 2017. [1:41:26] Speaking Personally: Earl Bertrand Russell. 1961. Interview with John Chandos. Recorded on 11-12 April 1961 at Bertrand Russell's house in North Wales. List of Topics: Childhood and Earliest Memories Life Begins at Cambridge Eccentrics and Personages Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson Mr Gladstone Lytton Strachey and Family Bertrand Russell in prison Cause and Effects of World War I, H. H. Asquith Approach to the Abyss Man's Peril and Neutrality Einstein's Last Act A Meeting with Lenin Scandal in New York Christ versus Christianity Morality and Hypocrisy Lawrence, Shaw, Einstein, Conrad Background to National Greatness Original Thinking and Persecution USSR and USA-the Conflict Education and Tolerance Survival and Unilateral Disarmament Religion and Fear. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpohrKaos2o
"Friedrich Nietzsche by Bertrand Russell." Stoica Nicusor, Youtube. February 28, 2017. [33:01] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGDZcifLpdA
"The Value of Philosophy - Bertrand Russell." Stoica Nicusor, Youtube. April 10, 2018. [16:17] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQGCCbndiWI&feature=youtu.be

Resources & Articles - Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM FRS | (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, essayist, social critic, political activist, and Nobel laureate. At various points in his life, Russell considered himself a liberal, a socialist and a pacifist, although he also confessed that his sceptical nature had led him to feel that he had "never been any of these things, in any profound sense." Russell was born in Monmouthshire into one of the most prominent aristocratic families in the United Kingdom.

In the early 20th century, Russell led the British "revolt against idealism". He is considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy along with his predecessor Gottlob Frege, colleague G. E. Moore and protégé Ludwig Wittgenstein. He is widely held to be one of the 20th century's premier logicians. With A. N. Whitehead he wrote Principia Mathematica, an attempt to create a logical basis for mathematics, the quintessential work of classical logic. His philosophical essay "On Denoting" has been considered a "paradigm of philosophy". His work has had a considerable influence on mathematics, logic, set theory, linguistics, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science (see type theory and type system) and philosophy, especially the philosophy of language, epistemology and metaphysics.

Russell was a prominent anti-war activist and he championed anti-imperialism. Occasionally, he advocated preventive nuclear war, before the opportunity provided by the atomic monopoly had passed and "welcomed with enthusiasm" world government. He went to prison for his pacifism during World War I. Later, Russell concluded that war against Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany was a necessary "lesser of two evils" and criticised Stalinist totalitarianism, attacked the involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War and was an outspoken proponent of nuclear disarmament. In 1950, Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell#Between_the_wars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell#Final_years,_death_and_legacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell#First_World_War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell#Later_life
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell#Second_World_War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell_Peace_Foundation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell%27s_philosophical_views
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell#Political_causes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell%27s_political_views
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell%27s_political_views#Communism,_anarchism_and_socialism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell%27s_political_views#Pacifism,_war,_and_nuclear_weapons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell%27s_political_views#Race
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell%27s_political_views#Sexuality
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell%27s_political_views#Women's_suffrage
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_atomism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_paradox
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_teapot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%E2%80%93Einstein_Manifesto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Tribunal

INTERNET MISCELLANEOUS

Multimedia - Music

"How to think, not what to think | Jesse Richardson | TEDxBrisbane." TEDx Talks, October 17, 2014. [15:46] This talk was given at a local TEDx event, produced independently of the TED Conferences. Jesse is the founder of https://www.schoolofthought.org an online fully immersive learning environment that will be free for students, teachers and universities all over the world. He believes the key to engaging future generations is to teach them how, and not what, to think. Jesse Richardson is a creative director with over 15 years industry experience, and around 20 years experience arguing with people on the internet. He’s responsible for three major international viral campaigns, two and a bit kids, and an ungrateful, overweight cat. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6dluwVks444

Multimedia - Music

"All Tracks - Scala & Kolacny Brothers" Scala & Kolacny Brothers, Youtube Playlist [112 videos, Last updated on May 27, 2019] https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLeMKbyObe1wdy1GYb-11OtQSkHC-XixB1

~#~

Sources for Meta on the Meta: "A Strawman, A True Scotsman, and Several Appeals-To Walk Into a Bar While Begging a Question . . . . and They’re ALL Still Obvious Fallacies"

Multimedia

"CSI:MIAMI Intro." Clydesideofficial, Youtube. April 20, 2008. [0:39] Song: "Won't Get Fooled Again." Album: Who's Next. Artist: The Who. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mR3jnW2kcUs

Resources & Articles

Some Common (and Unfortunately Effective) Informal Fallacies:

https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/ambiguity
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/anecdotal
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/black-or-white
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/burden-of-proof
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/false-cause
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/special-pleading
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/strawman
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/the-fallacy-fallacy

Some Common "Appeals to ---":

"Appeal to Purity (no true Scotsman)." Yourlogicalfallacyis.com. Retrieved July 14, 2019. https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/no-true-scotsman
"Appeal to Emotion." Yourlogicalfallacyis.com. Retrieved July 14, 2019. https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/appeal-to-emotion
"Appeal to Popularity (bandwagon)." Yourlogicalfallacyis.com. Retrieved July 14, 2019. https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/bandwagon
"Appeal to Authority." Yourlogicalfallacyis.com. Retrieved July 14, 2019. https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/appeal-to-authority
"Appeal to Common Sense (incredulity)." Yourlogicalfallacyis.com. Retrieved July 14, 2019. https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/personal-incredulity
"Appeal to Hypocrisy (tu quoque)." Yourlogicalfallacyis.com. Retrieved July 14, 2019. https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/tu-quoque

Some Common Cognitive Biases (They're in Your BRAIN, as We Speak!!!!):

https://yourbias.is/anchoring
https://yourbias.is/belief-bias
https://yourbias.is/confirmation-bias
https://yourbias.is/fundamental-attribution-error
https://yourbias.is/just-world-hypothesis
https://yourbias.is/self-serving-bias
https://yourbias.is/the-barnum-effect
https://yourbias.is/the-dunning-kruger-effect
https://yourbias.is/the-availability-heuristic
https://yourbias.is/the-dunning-kruger-effect
https://yourbias.is/the-sunk-cost-fallacy

"Is there a difference between monkeys and apes?" HowStuffWorks.com, September 7, 2007. https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/monkeys-vs-apes.htm. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
"The Ptolmeic (Geocentric, or Earth-centered) Model of the Solar System." Astronomy.nmsu.edu, Retrieved July 14, 2019. http://astronomy.nmsu.edu/geas/lectures/lecture11/slide01.html [AUDIO, 12:09]
"The Copernican (Heliocentric, or Sun-centered) Model of the Solar System." Astronomy.nmsu.edu, Retrieved July 14, 2019. http://astronomy.nmsu.edu/geas/lectures/lecture11/slide02.html [AUDIO, 8:43]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentation_framework
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attrition_warfare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_(disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completeness_(logic)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeasible_reasoning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duhem%E2%80%93Quine_thesis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy#Informal_fallacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallibilism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiability
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_fallacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_model
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_and_only_if
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretation_(logic)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_(disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_consequence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_form
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_necessity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_possibility
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_quantifier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_truth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessarily_true
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_analysis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premise
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_teapot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundness
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundness_(interactive_proof)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundness#Soundness
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statement_(logic)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_value
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity_(logic)
https://genius.com/The-who-wont-get-fooled-again-lyrics
https://yourbias.is/
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/

Sources for Black X-Files: "Loki’s Wager: A Caveat About Facts and Feelings"

Multimedia

[Unaired, but used as a resource/reference] "Caveat emptor." Rightpronunciation.com. Retrieved July 14, 2019. https://www.rightpronunciation.com/languages/latin/caveat-emptor-7818.asp?id1=23&page=23#

Resources & Articles

http://www.fallacyfiles.org
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent_(logic)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_fallacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentation_framework
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Informal_arguments
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Rational_choice_theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias#Common_theoretical_causes_of_some_cognitive_biases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_reasoning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_system
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeasible_reasoning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distinction_without_a_difference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_of_discourse
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_procedure
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy#Informal_fallacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_fallacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretation_(logic)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_(disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_and_dialectic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_consequence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_form
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_necessity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_possibility
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_quantifier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_truth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessarily_true
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_analysis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possible_world
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premise
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundness
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statement_(logic)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_logic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_value
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_quantification
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity_(logic)
https://yourbias.is/
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/

Music Playlists

First Hour Music and Playlists:

Andrean Belew: "I Am What I Am"

Second Hour Music and Playlists:

Salif Keita: "Laban"
Massive Attack: "Unfinished Symphony"

Bug's Meta-Fuel: Credits, Sources, Citations, and Extras for WKNY's "THE BLACK META"

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Blog Archive

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

July 30, 2019: "Esho Funi, Loki's Wager . . . and Reduce, Re-Use, Recycle, and Recover”