April 12, 2022: “THE INTERVIEW ... with World Music Performer, Yungchen Lhamo!”

 

T   H   E   B   L   A   C   K   M   E   T   A!

 

Relevance, Self-Awareness, and Self-CARE-ness ... Music, Mindful, and YOUR META!

Live and streaming at Radiokingston.org | 107.FM and 1490AM, Tuesdays, 1-3 p.m.

 

 

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It's YOUR META and YOUR YEAR! Step into:

THE INTERVIEW ...

WORLD MUSIC PERFORMER, YUNGCHEN LHAMO

PLUS:

“One Person at a Time.” 

&

“This, Too, Shall Pass”

And a META SPOTLIGHT ON: Do you like your grilled cheese sandwiches existent and your fruit cobbler boneless? SO DOES YOUR META!

 

 

 

TUNE IN and TURN UP YOUR Black Meta!

 

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—Your Black Meta!

TheBlackMetaWKNY@Gmail.com

 

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META FACTOIDS & PHILOSOPHY

 

 

“Your silence will not protect you.”

— Audre Lorde (Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches)

“If I didn't define myself for myself, I would be crunched into other people's fantasies for me and eaten alive.”

— Audre Lorde

 

“When I dare to be powerful, to use my strength in the service of my vision, then it becomes less and less important whether I am afraid.”

— Audre Lorde

    

“Caring for myself is not self-indulgence, it is self-preservation, and that is an act of political warfare.”

— Audre Lorde
 

 

“and when we speak we are afraid
our words will not be heard
nor welcomed
but when we are silent
we are still afraid
So it is better to speak
remembering
we were never meant to survive”

—Audre Lorde (The Black Unicorn: Poems)

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THE INTERVIEW

WORLD MUSIC PERFORMER,

YUNGCHEN LHAMO

Yungchenlhamo.com | Yungchenlhamo.com/contact

Onedropofkindness.org

f: yungchenlhamo | ig: @yungchenlhamo | t: @YungchenLhamo | y: yungchenlhamoofficial | Sixdegreesrecords.com/?s=yungchen+lhamo

MORE ABOUT

 YUNGCHEN LHAMO

YUNGCHEN'S BIO | Yungchen Lhamo was born and raised in Lhasa, Tibet. Her name, which translates as ‘Goddess of Melody,’ was given to her by a lama at birth. In 1989 she made the month-long, 1,200-mile journey across the Himalayan Mountains to Dharamsala, India, in order to pursue her dreams. Yungchen later moved to Australia, where she began to sing prayers of meditation that inspired her to record her first album, ‘Tibetan Prayer’, which won the Australian Recording Industry Award (ARIA) for Best World Music Album in 1995.

Yungchen was then signed by Peter Gabriel’s Real World Records label on which she released three more albums: ‘Tibet, Tibet’ (1996), ‘Coming Home’ (1998), and ‘Ama’ (meaning ‘Mother’), featuring Annie Lennox on ‘Fade Away’ and Joy Askew on ‘Tara’ (2006). In 2013 Cantaloupe Music released her fifth album, ‘Tayatha’ (meaning ‘It Is Like This’), a meditational collaboration with Russian classical pianist Anton Batagov.

Now, in March 2022, she is releasing her long-awaited sixth album, ‘Awakening’, through Six Degrees Records, with the title track released as a single on 4th February.

With this album, Yungchen, who now lives in Upstate New York, explores the relevance of compassion-based spirituality to our modern-day, interdependent lives – each song reflecting topics that have become ever-more highlighted by the Covid-19 pandemic. She says: “‘Awakening’ aims to appeal to those of any religion, or of none, who are interested in sound healing and spiritual awakening. It is also my first album to include a song in Mandarin. I truly believe that voice has a vibrational energy to connect, empower, heal and transform all human beings. I hope these new songs will help bring inner peace and true happiness to everyone who hears them. ‘Awakening’ has a strong Spanish influence and is therefore quite different in character from my previous albums.”

Yungchen has performed, acapella or accompanied, in numerous countries on all five continents, including at such prestigious venues as Carnegie Hall, New York; Royal Festival Hall and Royal Albert Hall, London; National Concert Hall, Dublin; The Louvre, Paris; Philharmonic Hall, Berlin; International Performing Arts Centre, Moscow; The Vatican, Rome; and the Sydney Opera House. Others include the 1997 Lilith Fair festival, many WOMAD festivals, rock concerts, and benefit concerts. She has also contributed soundtracks to many films, including the 1997 film ‘Seven Years in Tibet’ starring Brad Pitt, and the recently released documentaries ‘Mission: Joy’ and ‘Better Living Through Chemistry’.

She has performed or shared a stage with numerous well-known artists, including Philip Glass, Michael Stipe, Billy Corgan, Beastie Boys, Peter Gabriel, Natalie Merchant, Sarah McLachlan, Sheryl Crow, Jewel, Bill T Jones, Laurie Anderson, Sir Paul McCartney, Annie Lennox, Lou Reed, Peter Rowan, U2, Paul Brady, and Sinead O’Connor.

In 2004, Yungchen established the One Drop of Kindness Foundation, formally known as the Yungchen Lhamo Charitable Foundation, which is dedicated to improving the welfare of human beings in need, regardless of borders, through direct action.

about

AWAKENINGS

Yungchen Lhamo | "I am delighted to announce that 4th March 2022 will see the release of my sixth album, ‘Awakening’, through Six Degrees Records, with the title track released as a single on 4th February. With this album I explore the relevance of compassion-based spirituality to our modern-day, interdependent lives – each song reflecting topics that have become ever-more highlighted by the Covid-19 pandemic. ‘Awakening’ aims to appeal to those of any religion, or of none, who are interested in sound healing and spiritual awakening." - Yungchen Lhamo

 

 

To purchase 'Awakening,' click here... . 

 

ALSO... . 

 

Yungchen Lhamo on SAMA Seattle

 

• https://daily.bandcamp.com/features/yungchen-lhamo-awakening-interview

• https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m00146rd

• https://youtu.be/RhAKnNU_4rM
  

• https://youtu.be/oMZNAQPMcYU
  

• https://daily.bandcamp.com/features/yungchen-lhamo-awakening-interview

• https://atwoodmagazine.com/yclh-yungchen-lhamo-interview-2021-music/

• https://youtu.be/Ee58iv63M2A

 

 

More about Yungchen's music

 

One Drop of Kindness

 

Onedropofkindness.org | info@onedropofkindness.org

Kindness | Kindness, the quality of being friendly, generous, and considerate of others, is recognized as a virtue in many cultures and religions. Just one act of kindness, whether large in scale or a small drop, can make a huge difference in the lives of recipients.

 The “One Drop of Kindness Foundation®”, which was originally founded in 2004 as the Yungchen Lhamo Charitable Foundation, undertakes projects that strive to make such a difference.

 The following pages highlight our mission, some projects to date, past and forthcoming events, how you can donate and/or volunteer, and where to contact us with your queries and/or suggestions.

Thank you for visiting our website. We wish you health and happiness!

Our Mission

 

The “One Drop of Kindness Foundation®”, previously known as the Yungchen Lhamo Charitable Foundation, was founded by world-renowned singer Yungchen Lhamo (see www.yungchenlhamo.com).

The Foundation was established in 2004 with the aim of helping of all sentient beings through direct action, multicultural programs, community services and charitable giving.

In particular, the Foundation is dedicated to the preservation of Tibetan culture, whether in Tibet, Nepal, India, the USA or elsewhere, through offering multicultural educational programs, projects, lectures and workshops that integrate music, mindfulness, and art, in order to help facilitate in everyone a more positive outlook on life.

“You are Beautiful, I am Beautiful”
 

Yungchen Lhamo initiated the “You are Beautiful, I am Beautiful” project in Dublin, Ireland, when she visited a home for the elderly and another for those with dementia. The project demonstrates the empowering impact of Yungchen’s voice and unconditional love, facilitating empathy, respect, compassion and recognition for each other’s life circumstances.

The project has since been developed further in Upstate New York at various residences for the homeless, mentally ill, and developmentally disabled, and includes role plays, singing, and simple mantras. This project has been reviewed by Newsweek magazine, in its July 2015 issue, and by Voice of America’s Mandarin Service, reaching over one billion viewers.

Yungchen Lhamo truly believes that: “Our voice has a vibrational energy to connect, empower, heal, and transform all human beings” and would like to expand the “You are Beautiful, I am Beautiful” project to include students in K-12 classes, for the sick in hospitals, and for the dying.

Awakening

 Yungchen has also proposed that the Foundation should develop a campus in Upstate New York, called Awakening, that will offer a wide range of cultural and artistic programs, including music, theatre, arts and crafts, literature, Tibetan medicine, and meditation retreats, all based on the practice of unconditional love for all sentient beings.

 

• https://www.onedropofkindness.org/contact
• https://www.onedropofkindness.org/events
  

 

 

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FreedomWalker’s Sources, Citations, Credits, and Links

COFFEE & GREEN TEA COMBO: One Person At a Time

• None for this week
  
  

THE SPRUCE

• Recipes: https://www.yummly.com/recipes/grilled-cheese?prm-v1=1
• https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-881/licorice
• https://www.yummly.com/recipe/Easy-Peach-Cobbler-_BEST-Peach-Cobbler-Recipe__-2378993?prm-v1
• https://www.allrecipes.com/recipes/17573/ingredients/nuts-and-seeds/pecans/
• Articles: https://tinybuddha.com/blog/how-to-move-on-when-your-ex-already-has/
• https://www.rewire.org/getting-back-with-an-ex-right/
• https://www.luvze.com/how-to-make-your-ex-regret-leaving-you/
  

K-TOWN NEWS

• The Daily Freeman
• Kingston Happenings
• Radiokingston.org

 

 

 

 

 

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beetle's Sources, Citations, Credits, and Links

(Re)Sources for “Meta on the Meta: This, Too, Shall Pass.”

 

Articles, Bibliographies, Resources & Websites

1. "My Mother Warned Me About Men Like Lindsay Graham." Valerie Morales, Medium.com. This happened in one of my favorite movies: a hunter of human cargo was creeping through 1873 Ohio. He was desperately looking for a woman named Sethe who had escaped slavery by boating across the Ohio River with her newborn daughter named Beloved.  When the slave catcher finally cornered Sethe and Beloved away from the house and in the barn, a defiant I ain’t gonna be a slave no more Sethe stared him down. Then she knifed her own baby’s throat.  For those who found the scene stunning and extreme, and grisly, and for those who can’t comprehend that slavery is a worse circumstance than death, let me remind you what a butterfly in a jar knows. It is far worse to be owned than to be let free. April 5, 2022. https://celieandpearls.medium.com/my-mother-warned-me-about-white-men-like-lindsay-graham-403617aff66d
2. "I Still No Longer Celebrate Black Firsts ... But at the same time, I understand." Johnny Silvercloud, Medium.com. n April 2022, Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson has become the first Black woman to be placed as a Supreme Court Justice.And I still don’t celebrate Black firsts.I’m good with Supreme Court Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, but am not jubilant.Because I still don’t celebrate Black firsts. April 9, 2022. https://medium.com/afrosapiophile/black-firsts-e68fcddc04e6
   
3. "What’s the Difference Between Morality and Ethics?" Cydney Grannan, Britannica.com. Generally, the terms ethics and morality are used interchangeably, although a few different communities (academic, legal, or religious, for example) will occasionally make a distinction. In fact, Britannica’s article on ethics considers the terms to be the same as moral philosophy. While understanding that most ethicists (that is, philosophers who study ethics) consider the terms interchangeable, let’s go ahead and dive into these distinctions. Accessed January 11, 2022. ttps://www.britannica.com/story/whats-the-difference-between-morality-and-ethics
4. "Ethics vs. Morals." Diffen.com, accessed January 11, 2022. Ethics and morals relate to “right” and “wrong” conduct. While they are sometimes used interchangeably, they are different: ethics refer to rules provided by an external source, e.g., codes of conduct in workplaces or principles in religions. Morals refer to an individual’s own principles regarding right and wrong. https://www.diffen.com/difference/Ethics_vs_Morals
5. "You say morals, I say ethics – what’s the difference?" Theconversation.com, accessed September 17, 2014. Certain customs or behaviours are recognised as good and others as bad, and these collectively comprise morality – arguably the summation of our value system as human beings. So a conversation about ethical and moral decision-making is important.But problems arise when the terms “ethics” or “morals” are used interchangeably. https://theconversation.com/you-say-morals-i-say-ethics-whats-the-difference-30913

 

  

 

• https://kidadl.com/articles/huey-p-newton-quotes-from-the-pioneering-co-founder-of-the-black-panther-party
  
• https://www.mutualaid.coop/history-new/
• https://orderofinterbeing.org/
• https://orderofinterbeing.org/for-the-aspirant/fourteen-mindfulness-trainings/
  
• https://web.archive.org/web/20110120172728/http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2197296/The-Free-African-Society-of-Philadelphia-The-History-of
• https://quotes.yourdictionary.com/demosthenes
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_ethics
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical_naturalism
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical_non-naturalism
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_African_Society
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths 
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule 
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immorality
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%E2%80%93ought_problem
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Kohlberg%27s_stages_of_moral_development
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-ethics
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_character
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_constructivism
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_dilemma
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-ethics#Moral_epistemology
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_luck 
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_nihilism#The_scope_question
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_psychology
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_realism
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_reasoning
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_responsibility
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_universalism
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)  
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normative_ethics
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam%27s_razor
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People-first_language
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(evolution)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_pressure
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skepticism
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_intuitionism
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjectivism
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue_ethics

 

[Referenced / resourced, but not aired]

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2. "Metaethics: Crash Course Philosophy #32." Crash Course, Youtube. [9:33] We begin our unit on ethics with a look at metaethics. Hank explains three forms of moral realism – moral absolutism, and cultural relativism, including the difference between descriptive and normative cultural relativism – and moral subjectivism, which is a form of moral antirealism. Finally, we’ll introduce the concept of an ethical theory. October 2016. https://youtu.be/FOoffXFpAlU
   
3. "Crash Course Ethics." Sacskeptics, Youtube Playlist. 8 videos, last updated on May 17, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLawiwPtG1RWYOivDnlEtvhHgk13bGcVkw
   
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5. "Morals | Ethics Defined." McCombs School of Business, Youtube. [1:56] Morals are society’s accepted principles of right conduct that enable people to live cooperatively. This video is part of Ethics Defined, an animated library of more than 50 ethics terms and concepts from Ethics Unwrapped, available at: https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/glossary. December 18, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WxOGR6HKFs
   
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7. "Dune: How Myths Create Reality." Wisecrack, Youtube. [14:18] Is Dune about sand worms? Sure. But what if the real narrative is about the power of human storytelling? Let's find out in this Wisecrack Edition on Dune: How Myths Create Reality. Written by Dean Varga Hosted by Michael Burns Directed by Michael Luxemburg Edited by Mark Potts Video Title Card by Amanda Murphy Produced by Evan Yee  Additional Production Assistance by Matias Rubio & Olivia Redden. October 18, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmAizA26KPo
8. "Robber's Cave Experiment - Realistic Conflict Theory." Practical Psychology, Youtube. [6:55] Learn more about the Robber's Cave Experiment: https://practicalpie.com/robbers-cave-experiment/. December 30, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KU5u75J8VU
9. "Tom's Language Files." Tom Scott, Youtube. [30 videos] Videos about linguistics, languages, and love. But mainly linguistics. Last Updated March 29, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL96C35uN7xGLDEnHuhD7CTZES3KXFnwm0
   
10. 'Bojack Horseman: "The View from Halfway Down" Poem (S6 EP15).' KEKW LUL, Youtube. [1:23] February 2, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1_EBSlnDlU
11. '"The View from Halfway Down" Explained | Confronting Mortality.' Johnny 2 Cellos, Youtube. [20:15] The View from Halfway Down is one of the most incredible half hours of television I've ever seen. It's easily the best episode of BoJack Horseman Season 6, and arguably of the entire series. In this video I breakdown all of the bits, pieces, callbacks and references that make it so incredible, while analyzing the overall message, and what it means for BoJack Horseman as a character AND as a TV series. February 10, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9p-1AhQZjPE
12. "Lucky's Speech." Kirk Everist, Youtube. [5:12]  From Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot, a clip of archival video.  Austin College Theatre production directed by Kathleen Campbell.  Matthew Ervin as Lucky, Paul Frederick as Pozzo, Matt Varvir and Daniel Hook as Didi and Gogo. May 14, 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WOm0TbvCdM
    
13. "The Origin of Consciousness – How Unaware Things Became Aware." Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell, Youtube. [9:40] Sources and link to book by Rupert Glasgow: https://sites.google.com/view/sources...  Consciousness is perhaps the biggest riddle in nature. In the first part of this three part video series, we explore the origins of consciousness and take a closer look on how unaware things became aware.  This video was made possible by a grant from the Templeton World Charity Foundation. March 17, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6u0VBqNBQ8
14. "What Is Intelligence? Where Does it Begin?" Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell, Youtube. [9:45] This video was made possible by a grant from the Templeton World Charity Foundation.  Sources & further reading: https://sites.google.com/view/sources...  Humans are proud of a lot of things, from particle accelerators, to  poetry to pokemon. All of them made possible because of something humans value extremely highly: intelligence. July 12, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ck4RGeoHFko&t
15. "Emergence – How Stupid Things Become Smart Together." Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell, Youtube. [7:30] How can many stupid things combine to form smart things? How can proteins become living cells? How become lots of ants a colony? What is emergence?  This video was made possible by a donation by the Templeton World Charity Foundation. A huge thanks to them for their support and help over the last year! November 16, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16W7c0mb-rE
16. "What Are You Doing With Your Life? The Tail End." Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell, Youtube. [9:35] Gain a new perspective on your life with our "Calendar & Timeline of Your Life Posters": kgs.link/N3Ksfqvp  Sources & further reading: https://sites.google.com/view/sources...  Wrapping your mind around your life is pretty hard, because you are up to your neck in it. It's like trying to understand the ocean while learning how to swim. On most days you are busy just keeping your head above water. So it is not easy to figure out what to do with your life and how to spend your time.  There are a million distractions. Your family, friends and romantic partners, boring work, and exciting projects. Video games to play and books to read. And then there is your couch that somebody needs to lie on. It’s easy to get lost. So let us take a step back and take a look at your life from the outside.   OUR CHANNELS ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE  Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES    HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US? ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!  Get Merch designed with ❤ kgs.link/shop   Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧  https://kgs.link/patreon. May 25, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JXeJANDKwDc
17. "Divine Command Theory: Crash Course Philosophy #33." Crash Course, Youtube. [9:01] As we venture into the world of ethics, there are a lot of different answers to the grounding problem for us to explore. One of the oldest and most popular is the divine command theory. But with age comes a long history of questions, too, such as the dilemma presented by Plato known as the Euthyphro Problem. October 31, 2016. https://youtu.be/wRHBwxC8b8I
18. "Natural Law Theory: Crash Course Philosophy #34." Crash Course, Youtube. [9:38] Our exploration of ethical theories continues with another theistic answer to the grounding problem: natural law theory. Thomas Aquinas’s version of this theory says that we all seek out what’s known as the basic goods and argued that instinct and reason come together to point us to the natural law. There are, of course, objections to this theory – in particular, the is-ought problem advanced by David Hume. November 7, 2016. https://youtu.be/r_UfYY7aWKo
19. "History of Law." Cecilia Jia, Youtube. [7:06]  A video for law. March 7, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1TN6h9WcaQ
20. "Philosophy of Ethics and Morality - Introduction to Ethics (Moral Philosophy) - What is Ethics?" Thinking Deeply With Ben, Youtube. [13:45] May 3, 2021. The philosophy of ethics and morality explained:  How do you know if an action is moral or not? What is morality, and does it exist?  Where does moral knowledge come from? These are questions that concern themselves with Ethics.   Ethics, also called moral philosophy, is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior.  This video will serve as an easy-to-understand introduction to ethics and the three significant areas of study within ethics, which are:  metaethics, which deals with the foundations and nature of moral values, properties, and words, Normative ethics, which deals with systems of morality and questions how one ought to be and act morally, and Applied ethics which deals with what a person is obligated (or permitted) to do in specific situations, analyzing controversial present-day moral questions concerning abortion, euthanasia, animal rights, and more. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvLRq5e67jQ
21. "The History of Law, Order & Justice!: Hidden Histories." Archaeosoup, Youtube. [11:13] October 17, 2012. Welcome to Hidden Histories. In this series, we take a closer look at the world around us and explore the hidden depths of our shared history.  Today we take a closer look at the development of legal systems through time. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxOZ7KUC1yk
22. "Skepticism (David Hume)." Philosophy Vibe, Youtube. [8:10] March 5, 2018. Join George and John as they discuss and debate different Philosophical ideas. Today they will be looking into Skepticism, this is the idea that we can and should doubt all our knowledge.   All beliefs and knowledge about the world should be questioned and doubted, and in fact we should all approach the word as having no absolute certain knowledge of it.   Whilst this is a radical Philosophy George will look into the works of David Hume who supported this theory, and will focus on the Problem of Induction as a basis for Skeptic thought. John will then look into the criticisms of Skepticism and the two will see if this is a valid Philosophy to hold. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHfLZzS57PE
23. "Hume on Causation and Necessity." Daniel Bonevac, Youtube. [17:24] February 17, 2021. David Hume's critique of our conceptions of causation, necessary connection, and necessity in general. @Daniel Bonevac. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rvRPenl6Qk
24. "Introduction to Hume: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding." Then & Now, Youtube. [11:34] An introduction to the thought of David Hume through An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. The text is a more accessible interpretation of his earlier work, a Treatise of Human Nature (volume one). Hume was the third of the British Empiricists, taking the thought of Locke and Berkley to its limits and attempting a scientific theory of mind. He was both a naturalist and a skeptic, laying out what has become known as the problem of induction. He also woke Kant from his ‘dogmatic slumber'.  Then & Now is FAN-FUNDED! Support me on Patreon and pledge as little as $1 per video: http://patreon.com/user?u=3517018. May 12, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wtd8kBtNC
25. "PHILOSOPHY - David Hume." The School of Life, Youtube. [11:05] October 10, 2016. David Hume is one of Scotland’s greatest philosophers (Adam Smith is another, about whom we also have a film https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejJRh...). His claim to greatness lies in his appreciation of ordinary experience, his descriptions of consciousness and his humane, tolerant approach to religious disputes.  If you like our films, take a look at our shop (we ship worldwide):  https://goo.gl/qjLLWt    FURTHER READING  “The 18th-century writer David Hume is one of the world’s great philosophical voices because he hit upon a key fact about human nature: that we are more influenced by our feelings than by reason. This is, at one level, possibly a great insult to our self-image, but Hume thought that if we could learn to deal well with this surprising fact, we could be (both individually and collectively) a great deal calmer and happier than if we denied it...”  You can read more on this and other topics on our blog TheBookofLife.org at this link: https://goo.gl/SuwPBi    MORE SCHOOL OF LIFE  Our website has classes, articles and products to help you think and grow: https://goo.gl/QcBQYY      Watch more films on PHILOSOPHY + CURRICULUM in our playlist:  http://bit.ly/TSOLphilosophy  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HS52H_CqZLE
26. "American Law: History and Origins." Study.com, Youtube. [5:02] December 31, 2013. Visit Study.com for thousands more videos like this one. You'll get full access to our interactive quizzes and transcripts and can find out how to use our videos to earn real college credit. YouTube hosts only the first few lessons in each course. The rest are at Study.com. Take the next step in your educational future and graduate with less debt and in less time. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VnssEXV8FI
27. "Four Notions to Remove | Thich Nhat Hanh (short teaching video)." Plum Village App, Youtube. [19:19] August 4, 2020. In this short teaching video from the Plum Village app https://plumvillage.app/ Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh talks about the four notions that we have to remove, a teaching from the Diamond Sutra.  Excerpt from: A Beginners Mind for a Beautiful Future | Dharma Talk, 2011-10-02 Magnolia Grove (https://youtu.be/g_F_cxM9d5Q)  ~~~ Find more similar short teachings on the FREE Plum Village app https://plumvillage.app/  Enjoy! 🙏 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6PJA33JvhI 
28. "I Escaped the Trauma of Homelessness — Only To Face Your White Savior Complex." The Damage Report, Youtube. [15:00] February 12, 2022. Lori Yearwood discusses her article written for MotherJones called "I Escaped the Trauma of Homelessness—Only to Face Your White Savior Complex". She breaks it down with John Iadarola on The Damage Report. "This is the true story of what happened when all the trauma was supposed to be over, when I left my “home” on the park bench on the outskirts of Salt Lake City for the last time in 2017. People like to call this transitional period an “emergence,” lending a triumphal note to the narrative—the unhoused person escaping a disturbing chrysalis to become a fuller and better human, new-winged and free." https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-DRjxjdrf8
29. "What animals are thinking and feeling, and why it should matter | Carl Safina | TEDxMidAtlantic." TEDx Talks, Youtube. [16:27] July 13, 2016. Carl Safina takes us inside the lives and minds of animals around the world, witnessing their profound capacity for perception, thought and emotion, showing why the word "it" is often inappropriate as we discover "who" they really are. And yet, we are wiping out the very animals we should celebrate; we are the flood coming for Noah's Ark. Carl leaves us with a difficult question: Do we have what it takes to let life on earth survive?  Carl Safina’s work has been recognized with MacArthur, Pew, and Guggenheim Fellowships, and his writing has won the Lannan Literary Award and the John Burroughs, James Beard, and George Rabb medals. He has a PhD in ecology from Rutgers University. Safina is the inaugural endowed professor for nature and humanity at Stony Brook University, where he co-chairs the steering committee of the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science and is founding president of the not-for-profit Safina Center. He hosted the 10-part PBS series Saving the Ocean with Carl Safina. His writing appears in The New York Times, National Geographic, Audubon and other periodicals, and on the Web at National Geographic News and Views, Huffington Post, and CNN.com. Carl Safina’s writing shows how humanity is changing the natural world and what those changes mean for wildlife and for people.  This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wkdH_wluhw
    
30. "Helping Hungry Ghosts | Thich Nhat Hanh (short teaching video)." Plum Village App, Youtube. [18:25] In this short teaching video from the Plum Village app https://plumvillage.app/ Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh talks about "hungry ghosts," the suffering people who are not well rooted in their families and societies, and how to help them.  Excerpt from: Touching Peace | An Evening With Thich Nhat Hanh (https://youtu.be/g6atIQfEGwc)  ~~~ Find more similar short teachings on the FREE Plum Village app https://plumvillage.app/  Enjoy! 🙏https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3-aJON5780
31. "MSNBC Guest Defends *You Know Who* To Attack Putin." The Rational National, Youtube. [5:49] March 12, 2022. Former U.S. Ambassador to Russia and current Professor at Stanford University, Michael McFaul, attempted to rehabilitate *you know who* in order to attack Putin. Sources: https://bit.ly/3uaV13R (Tweet, now deleted) https://bit.ly/3w1kpvp (USHMM) https://bit.ly/36gOpIR (Deseret News). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqNAA0467AI
32. "The Noble Eightfold Path | Thich Nhat Hanh (short teaching video)." Plum Village App, Youtube. [23:03] October 26, 2020. In this short teaching video from the Plum Village app https://plumvillage.app/ Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh talks about the Noble Eightfold Path, a path with eight elements on which every step we take generates well-being.  Excerpt from: A Beginners Mind for a Beautiful Future | Dharma Talk, 2011-10-02, Magnolia Grove (https://youtu.be/g_F_cxM9d5Q)  ~~~ Find more similar short teachings on the FREE Plum Village app https://plumvillage.app/  Enjoy! 🙏https://youtu.be/toVNeTrwbtc
33. "The Four Noble Truths | Thich Nhat Hanh (short teaching video)." Plum, Village App, Youtube. [18:30] August 10, 2020. In this short teaching video from the Plum Village app https://plumvillage.app/ Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh talks about the Four Noble Truths and the nature of Interbeing of these Truths.  Excerpt from: Art of Suffering Retreat | Second Dharma Talk by Thich Nhat Hanh, 2013.08.27: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAbTM...  ~~~ Find more similar short teachings on the FREE Plum Village app https://plumvillage.app/  Enjoy! 🙏 https://youtu.be/dy-RI3FrdGA "South Carolina Brings Back Execution by Firing Squad." Indisputable with Dr. Rashad Richey, Youtube. [6:34] March 21, 2022. South Carolina is bringing back the firing squad for executions. Dr. Rashad Richey and Ben Carollo discuss on Indisputable. Tell us what you think in the comments below.   Read more here: https://nypost.com/2022/03/19/south-carolina-brings-back-firing-squad-executions/  "South Carolina has given the green light for condemned prisoners in the state to be executed by firing squad.  Final approval came Friday after the state Department of Corrections said renovations had been completed on a new death chamber where the executions can take place in the state capital of Columbia.  The electric chair is the state’s primary method of execution, but a May 2021 law now allows prisoners to choose to die by lethal injection or firing squad, the state said in a press release."*  ***   Indisputable, features Dr. Richey talking about the top news stories of the day, reading viewer comments, and engaging in debates and conversations with guests. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtqLGJq5bUk
34. "A Beginners Mind for a Beautiful Future | Dharma Talk by Thich Nhat Hanh, 2011-10-02 Magnolia Grove." Plum Village, Youtube. [2:07:17] July 22, 2018. The Sangha is gathered together at Magnolia Grove Monastery in Batesville, Mississippi during the 2011 US Teaching Tour with the theme Cultivating the Mind of Love. This 115-minute dharma talk is from October 2, 2011. This is the last day of Magnolia retreat and may be a little difficult if listeners have not heard the talks from the previous days (see "2011 US Tour" playlist).  The beginners mind. It is a source of energy. A willingness to practice. And to serve others. We are not afraid of obstacles in order to realize our dream and our intention. Siddhartha had this beginners mind, and we can too. The mind of love is the beginners kind. During this retreat has allowed this to arise in our heart. Do we know how to continue this mind?  In Buddhism, there are two kinds of truth: conventional and ultimate. Thay explains how it is similar to what we see in science. We can learn to understand the true nature of reality. When we come to the ultimate truth, we can leave behind our notions of birth and death, suffering and happiness, being and non-being, etc. How can we do this? We cannot be an observer, we must try to be a participant. The Buddha’s insight received under the bodhi tree was to be relieved of all fear. This cannot be learned from notions and concepts.  We learn of Right View, another element of the noble path. Thay tells a story of Katyayana, a student of the Buddha, asking about Right View. A teaching of no-birth, being and non-being, as illustrated by a cloud. Right View is being able to transcend all these notions: being and non-being, birth and death, left and right, above and below, subject and object, etc. All pairs of opposites. We cannot remove one without the other.  Story of a grain of salt wanting to know how salty is the ocean to illustrate the subject of cognition and object of cognition. Being a participant to truly understand.  Talking to a flame to illustrate this teaching of being and non-being.  Thay writes these pairs of opposites on the board: birth and death, being and nonbeing, coming and going, sameness and otherness. All these must be transcended to see the true face of reality.  A teaching on interbeing and four more notions - self, man, living beings, and life span. Thay explains each as outiined in the Diamond Sutra. This Sutra teaches us that humans are only made of non-human elements. This is one of the oldest teachings in deep ecology. The Buddha too is comprised of non-Buddha elements. This is why bowing to the Buddha is not worshiping, but is a meditation.  We have been talking of Right View and dualism. We turn now to three other elements of the noble eightfold path that arise from Right View. Right Thinking can help us remove all discrimination. It is thinking that can produce understanding and compassion. It can heal the world. From these two we can then practice Right Speech. To restore and reconcile. This element includes our ability for deep listening. And then we turn to Right Action. Anything we can do with our body to protect and save. These three are all forms of action, starting with our thoughts. Thinking is already action. And we produce each of these every day. The philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre said that man is the sum of his action. In Sanskrit, this is called karma. Everything we produce will continue us; it does not disappear. We are the author, and that is our continuation. If we can keep our beginners mind alive, surely we will have a beautiful future.  The other elements of the path, briefly outlined in this talk, are Right Livelihood, Right Diligence, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration. This path can be seen very concretely in the Five Mindfulness Trainings. We also briefly learn of the Three Doors of Liberation — emptiness, signlessness, and aimlessness — in light of the retreat’s teaching.  We talk concludes with a couple of songs led by Sr. Chan Không. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_F_cxM9d5Q
35. "respecting beliefs | why we should do no such thing [cc]." TheraminTrees, Youtube. [22:15] May 7, 2015. An explanation of why I don't subscribe to the view that 'we should all respect each other's beliefs.' You can support the channel at: https://www.patreon.com/TheraminTrees. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_5yUXjXizQ
36. "The Autism Spectrum: Explained." Yo Samdy Sam, Youtube. [13:19] December 23, 2021. The concept of the autistic spectrum (or the autism spectrum) is largely used but seems poorly understood by people in general. In this video I explain how it came about and what it actually means.  This video was sponsored by Tiimo, the visual planning app: https://go.onelink.me/w6CP/tiimocalendar (available on Apple, Android and desktop)  "But we're all on the spectrum" - check out my older video on this topic here: https://youtu.be/qPSVf50kLF8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paX6IcPZPjM
37. "But we’re all on the spectrum somewhere!." Yo Samdy Sam, Youtube. [5:23] July 19, 2019. The myth that “we’re all on the spectrum somewhere” has to be one of the more pervasive autism myths, and everyone who has an adult diagnosis of autism (especially those diagnosed with so-called high functioning autism spectrum disorder) has likely encountered a version of this at some point.  That there are different types of autism spectrum disorders (or as I prefer to call it different “colour palettes” of autism) does not mean that everyone on the planet sits somewhere along a linear scale ranging from “not autistic” to “extremely autistic”. It’s much more complicated than that.  Firstly, the autism spectrum is used to describe the variety of autistic experiences, not the experiences of neurotypicals who have a few autistic traits.  Secondly, It is not a linear spectrum from “mild” to “severe” autism. Every autistic person has a combination of traits that is unique to them, many of which can be equally debilitating in different ways. Functioning labels help neither the “high functioning” autistic who is presumed to be fine nor the “low functioning” autistic who is presumed incompetent.  If you don’t want to miss a video, sign up to receive new videos straight to your e-mail, every week: https://www.subscribepage.com/yosamdysam. https://youtu.be/qPSVf50kLF8
    
38. "What I struggle with (as an AUTISTIC adult)." Yo Samdy Sam, Youtube. [16:16] February 21, 2019. In this video I talk about the things I struggle with on an everyday basis as an autistic adult.  Even though I may look like I'm coping on the outside, my inner world is rich with noise and difficulty sometimes. 🔀All my autism videos in one handy playlist 🔀: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLfWrZJcC_lTAJvhgia_UqpidfyNARkPCN.  👭 Autism in women/girls playlist 👭: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLfWrZJcC_lTDCKsfwEtLNWq96OgYHqA-b. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKgoWZ3JHrM
39. "What is AUTISM? // Autism awareness and acceptance." [7:42] March 30, 2020. What is autism? What is it like to be autistic?  Autism spectrum condition (or autism spectrum disorder, depending on who you ask) is a neurological condition that affects 1-3% of the population, maybe more.  I made this video to help people understand what autism actually is, as there is so much misinformation and so many myths out there. In this video I talk about sensory sensitivities, social communication, stimming, executive functioning and special interests. https://youtu.be/kt1r-GlRkJg
40. "But we’re all on the spectrum somewhere!." Yo Samdy Sam, Youtube. [5:23] July 19, 2019. The myth that “we’re all on the spectrum somewhere” has to be one of the more pervasive autism myths, and everyone who has an adult diagnosis of autism (especially those diagnosed with so-called high functioning autism spectrum disorder) has likely encountered a version of this at some point.  That there are different types of autism spectrum disorders (or as I prefer to call it different “colour palettes” of autism) does not mean that everyone on the planet sits somewhere along a linear scale ranging from “not autistic” to “extremely autistic”. It’s much more complicated than that.  Firstly, the autism spectrum is used to describe the variety of autistic experiences, not the experiences of neurotypicals who have a few autistic traits.  Secondly, It is not a linear spectrum from “mild” to “severe” autism. Every autistic person has a combination of traits that is unique to them, many of which can be equally debilitating in different ways. Functioning labels help neither the “high functioning” autistic who is presumed to be fine nor the “low functioning” autistic who is presumed incompetent.  If you don’t want to miss a video, sign up to receive new videos straight to your e-mail, every week: https://www.subscribepage.com/yosamdysam. https://youtu.be/qPSVf50kLF8 
41. "What is AUTISM? // Autism awareness and acceptance." Yo Samdy Sam, Youtube. [7:42] March 30, 2020. What is autism? What is it like to be autistic?  Autism spectrum condition (or autism spectrum disorder, depending on who you ask) is a neurological condition that affects 1-3% of the population, maybe more.  I made this video to help people understand what autism actually is, as there is so much misinformation and so many myths out there. In this video I talk about sensory sensitivities, social communication, stimming, executive functioning and special interests. https://youtu.be/kt1r-GlRkJg
42. "World Autism Day 2020: How to get involved." Yo Samdy Sam, Youtube.  [7:30] March 27, 2020. World Autism Day 2020 is nearly upon us and whether you call it World Autism Awareness Week, World Autism Acceptance Week, we as a community are coming to together to celebrate and promote autistic acceptance.  In this video I explain how to get involved with the #RedInstead movement on April 1st, and the #AutisticGold "Coming out" day on April 2nd.  If you want to know why I DON'T want you to "Light It Up Blue", check out the video I made last year: https://youtu.be/Eg5ZORDwVzs  For more information check out these links:  Our Golden Moment: https://www.ourgoldenmoment.com/  Article recapping: https://neuroclastic.com/introducing-our-golden-moment-an-inaugural-coming-out-day-on-april-1st-2020-for-the-autistic-neurodivergent-community/.  NeuroClastic (autistic-led organisation, and a great alternative to Autism Speaks): https://neuroclastic.com/donate/
43. "Alexithymia // What it's like to not know how you feel #alexithymia." [7:20] May 11, 2019. Alexithymia describes an inability to recognise or name your own emotions. Coming from the Greek to mean literally "no words for emotions", alexithymia is strongly related to autism (it is estimated over half of autistic people also have alexithymia)  Being in touch with your own emotions is vital to building friendships and relationships. I believe a lot of the social aspects I struggle with due to autism can be partly attributed to alexithymia as well.  Here's the test I took, interested to see how other people do, so let me know in the comments down below: https://neuroclastic.com/alexithymia-and-autism-what-its-like-to-not-know-how-you-feel/. For further thoughts on the subject: https://www.alexithymia.us/alexithymia-questionnaire-online-test. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3tD94tB6T4
    

        
 
 
 
 
 

[Referenced / resourced, but not read on-air]

Articles, Bibliographies, Resources & Websites

 

1. "Ethics Defined (a glossary)." McCombs School of Business – The University of Texas at Austin, Ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu. Productive discussions have a shared vocabulary. Many scholars contributed to this glossary to provide common ground for enlightened conversation in the realm of ethics and leadership.More than 50 animated two-minute videos define key ethics terms and behavioral ethics concepts. #EducateYourself. https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/glossary
   
2. "Ethics." McCombs School of Business – The University of Texas at Austin, Ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu, accessed January 11, 2022. The term ethics often describes the investigation and analysis of moral principles and dilemmas. Traditionally, philosophers and religious scholars have studied ethics. More recently, scholars from various disciplines have entered the field, creating new approaches to the study of ethics such as behavioral ethics and applied ethics. https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/glossary/ethics
3. "Morals." "Ethics." McCombs School of Business – The University of Texas at Austin, Ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu, accessed January 11, 2022. Morals are the prevailing standards of behavior that enable people to live cooperatively in groups. Moral refers to what societies sanction as right and acceptable. https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/glossary/morals
4. "Ethics vs. Morals." Diffen.com, accessed January 11, 2022. Ethics and morals relate to “right” and “wrong” conduct. While they are sometimes used interchangeably, they are different: ethics refer to rules provided by an external source, e.g., codes of conduct in workplaces or principles in religions. Morals refer to an individual’s own principles regarding right and wrong. https://www.diffen.com/difference/Ethics_vs_Morals
5. "What’s the Difference Between Morality and Ethics?" Cydney Grannan, Britannica.com. Generally, the terms ethics and morality are used interchangeably, although a few different communities (academic, legal, or religious, for example) will occasionally make a distinction. In fact, Britannica’s article on ethics considers the terms to be the same as moral philosophy. While understanding that most ethicists (that is, philosophers who study ethics) consider the terms interchangeable, let’s go ahead and dive into these distinctions. Accessed January 11, 2022. ttps://www.britannica.com/story/whats-the-difference-between-morality-and-ethics
6. “If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the universe.” Carl Sagan, Cosmos. Accessed July 6, 2021. https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/32952-if-you-wish-to-make-an-apple-pie-from-scratch
   
7. "Robbers Cave Experiment." Theodore, Editor, Practicalpie.com. Did you read Lord of the Flies in middle school or high school? Even if you skimmed over the book, you might remember what it’s about. A group of boys find themselves stranded on a desert island without adult supervision. As they try to establish a society, they turn on each other in desperation, and things get brutal. Accessed December 5, 2021. https://practicalpie.com/robbers-cave-experiment
   
8. "Open Education Sociology Dictionary: Thomas theorem." Sociologydictionary.com, accessed September 14, 2021.Definition of Thomas Theorem(noun) The theory that if we define something as real, or believe that something is real, it is real in its consequences. https://sociologydictionary.org/thomas-theorem/
9. "Grice's Maxims." Sas.upenn.edu, accessed August 3, 2021. https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/dravling/grice.html
   
10. "The View From Halfway Down (Poem)." Fandom.com, accessed June 20, 2021. The View From Halfway Down is a symbolic poem read by Secretariat in The View from Halfway Down, in Season 6. https://bojackhorseman.fandom.com/wiki/The_View_From_Halfway_Down_(Poem)
11. "Wubba Lubba dub-dub." Wubba Lubba Dub-Dub is Rick's catchphrase, which he recurrently uses in the show, mostly in season one. He uses this phrase every time he's happy or makes a joke. It also means “I am in great pain.” Rickandmorty.fandom.com, accessed July 12, 2021. https://rickandmorty.fandom.com/wiki/Wubba_Lubba_dub-dub
12. "Deconstructive Criticism." Tatiana Tatum-Fisher, Wp.odi.edu. Deconstructive criticism follows the belief that objects have meaning because that it was it has been defined as through language.  Deconstruction uses the concept of binaries in which one object has been given a sort of privilege, the better appeal i.e. good/bad, love/hate, white/black, and  male/female.  In texts these binaries form the motif, or theme of a story. However the theory of deconstruction focuses on how the language of the text may appeal to one binary, but has signs that it favors the opposite, but not necessarily the privileged binary.  Using this concept theorists judge such texts to have “dismantled” themselves. Accessed August 29, 2021. https://sites.wp.odu.edu/tatum-fisherengl333/theory-1/ 
13. "Deconstruction." Md Rajibul Hasan, Blogspot.com. Deconstruction is a philosophical movement and theory of literary criticism that questions traditional assumptions about certainty, identity, and truth; asserts that words can only refer to other words; and attempts to demonstrate how statements about any text subvert their own meanings: "In deconstruction, the critic claims there is no meaning to be found in the actual text, but only in the various, often mutually irreconcilable, 'virtual texts' constructed by readers in their search for meaning" (Rebecca Goldstein). April 12, 2010. https://allrfree.blogspot.com/2010/04/deconstruction.html
14. "Deconstruction." Nasrullah Mambrol, Literariness.org. Deconstruction involves the close reading of texts in order to demonstrate that any given text has irreconcilably contradictory meanings, rather than being a unified, logical whole. As J. Hillis Miller, the preeminent American deconstructionist, has explained in an essay entitled Stevens’ Rock and Criticism as Cure (1976), “Deconstruction is not a dismantling of the structure of a text, but a demonstration that it has already dismantled itself. Its apparently solid ground is no rock but thin air.” March 22, 2016. https://literariness.org/2016/03/22/deconstruction/
15. "How to Deconstruct a Text." Editors-Authors, Wikihow.com. Deconstruction aims to disturb in order to discover. By deconstructing a text, you learn to read beyond a text's straightforward content and uncover new meanings and truths. Deconstruction has intellectual and political implications. Deconstructing a text is a common assignment given to students of literature, literary theory, film, communications, or postmodernist thought.Whenever deconstruction finds a nutshell—a secure axiom or a pithy maxim—the very idea is to crack it open and disturb this tranquility - John D Caputo. Last updated December 20, 2020. https://www.wikihow.com/Deconstruct-a-Text#References
16. "How to Deconstruct a Text." Scott Neuffer, Penandthepad.com. Deconstruction is a philosophical movement spearheaded by French thinker Jacques Derrida and other critics during the 1960s. As a literary theory, it focuses on exposing cultural biases in all texts, whether a passage in a popular book or the flashing script of a television ad. Readers engaged in deconstruction analyze words and sentences to identify inherent biases and call into question commonplace interpretations of the text. While this may sound presumptuous or cynical on the front end, deconstruction isn’t about destroying meaning. Rather, it’s about undermining ingrained assumptions to view things in a new light.Oppose Prevailing WisdomThe first thing you’ll have to do is question the common meaning or prevailing theories of the text you're deconstructing. When deconstructing, you need to start from a place of critical opposition. The only assumption you can make is that the meaning of the text is unstable and what others have told you about it is based on their own assumptions. In other words, you need to be skeptical from the onset. If you’re deconstructing Shakespeare’s Sonnet No. 18, which famously begins, “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day,” you can’t assume the poet is talking about a woman or that a woman is inherently an apt object for summery figurative language. What if the speaker of the poem is gay or is being sarcastic about an ex-lover? Unhinge yourself from traditional interpretations and dig into the specifics of the text. Like a scientist on the fringe of discovery, look for evidence to support alternative views.Expose Cultural BiasPractitioners of the deconstructive method refer to cultural biases in texts in a number of lofty ways, calling them "binaries" and "hierarchical oppositions." To understand these interchangeable terms, remember that certain words and the concepts they represent are often privileged, or emphasized more, than their oppposite words and concepts -- rich over poor, male over female, enlightened over ignorant. For instance, if a poet personifies everything in nature -- the sun, the moon, the sea -- as being male, you might conclude that the text has a male bias. If a novelist portrays white European culture as “learned” and “sophisticated” in contrast to other cultures of the world, you might suspect a Western, Euro-centric bias in the text. It’s your job to root out these biases.Analyze Sentence StructureOne way to investigate underlying meaning of a text is to analyze sentence structure, specifically the arrangement of subject and object. Ask yourself if a person or thing represented as an object in the text makes it subordinate to the subject in some way. For instance, if a novel's male protagonist is always the initiator of action rather than the recipient -- “He took her to the store; he bought her earrings; he found some food she would like” -- the recurrent sentence structure may reinforce the protagonist’s power over the dependent character. Look for these patterns and determine if the points of view of other characters are limited to favor cultural bias.Play With Possible MeaningsAfter you’ve analyzed the text for biases, see if your discoveries support a new interpretation. While many associate deconstruction with destruction of meaning, the opposite is true. According to the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, by assessing the biases of a given text -- the social and historical conventions that helped produce it -- you’ve opened up the words and sentences to an infinite amount of possible, if partial, readings. Returning to Shakespeare’s Sonnet No. 18, the last couplet reads: “So long as men can breathe or eyes can see / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” While many have interpreted these lines to convey the eternal power of poetry, the deconstructive reader might find more irony: In his overbearing wish to immortalize his beloved, the poet has betrayed not only the futility of love poetry but the entire chivalric tradition that values youth and beauty over maturity and wisdom. Accessed August 29, 2021. https://penandthepad.com/deconstruct-text-2122472.html
17. "Ladder of Escape." Alma Royale, Wordpress.com. 'For the absurd man it is not a matter of explaining and solving, but of experiencing and describing. Everything begins with lucid indifference.' Albert Camus.August 13, 2015. https://ladderofescape.wordpress.com/2015/08/13/lucid-indifference/
18. "Oxford Reference: Thomas Theorem." Oxfordreference.com, accessed September 14, 2021. A concept formulated by the American sociologist William Isaac Thomas (1863–1967) that ‘“*facts” do not have a uniform existence apart from the persons who observe and interpret them. Rather, the “real” facts are the ways in which different people come into and define situations’. Famously, as he and his research assistant and wife Dorothy Swaine Thomas (1899–1977) put it in 1928, ‘If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences’. Such a ‘subjective’ definition of the situation by a social actor, group, or subculture is what Merton came to call a self-fulfilling prophecy (as in cases of ‘mind over matter’). It is at the heart of symbolic interactionism. See also constructionism; frame of reference; framing; perspectivism. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803104247382
19. "Oxford Reference: Self-fulfilling prophecy." Oxfordreference.com. A concept introduced into sociology by Robert Merton (see his Social Theory and Social Structure, 1957), and allied to William Isaac Thomas's earlier and famous theorem that ‘when people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences’. Merton suggests the self-fulfilling prophecy is an important and basic process in society, arguing that ‘in the beginning, a false definition of the situation evokes a new behaviour which makes the originally false conception come true. [It] perpetuates a reign of error’. See also self-destroying prophecy; unintended or unanticipated consequences. Accessed September 14, 2021. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100453294 
    

 

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FreedomWalker's Playlist:

1. Yungchen Lhamo: “Awakening”
2. Yungchen Lhamo: “Four Wishes”
3. Yungchen Lhamo: “Loving Kindness”
4. Yungchen Lhamo: “Auspicious Day”
5. Yungchen Lhamo: “Come Home My Dear” 

     
      

beetle's Playlist:

 

1. India.Arie: “This, Too, Shall Pass”

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