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Tuesday, October 28, 2025

October 28, 2025: “The Interview ... featuring Tong Ren & Quantum-Touch Therapist, Johanna Farrimond!”

 

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The INTERVIEW ... featuring Tong Ren & Quantum-Touch Therapist, Johanna Farrimond

Info@johanna.life


 
 

ABOUT: JOHANNA FARRIMOND

 
 

Energy Healing Practitioner – Tong Ren & Quantum-Touch®  “Remove the blockage, and unleash the body’s miracle of self-healing.”

 

Johanna (Yo-HAN-uh) Farrimond is a former government leader in information and network security who now helps people tap into the body’s natural ability to heal. Through Tong Ren Therapy, she works to release energetic blockages so the body can restore its own balance and well-being. Listeners can learn more from her website at Johanna.life.


  

ABOUT: Tong-Ren

 

Overview of Tong Ren Therapy

Tong Ren Therapy is a unique healing modality developed in the late 20th century that combines ancient Chinese energy practices with modern understanding of human anatomy and physiology. It is one part of the larger Tom Tam Healing System.

The Founder and History

The founder of the Tom Tam Healing System and Tong Ren Therapy is Tom Tam. He is a practicing acupuncturist and healing practitioner who based his system on over twenty-five years of working experience.

Tong Ren is considered a modern development that evolved from traditional Chi Gong healing. The technique was specifically developed based on the philosophy of the collective unconscious put forth by psychologist Carl Jung. This concept suggests that when a group of people focus their minds on healing, this collective mind generates a powerful healing energy.

Core Principles and Theory

The fundamental principle of Tong Ren Therapy revolves around two key concepts: blockages and bioelectricity (or Chi/Qi).

1. The Blockage Theory

Tong Ren therapy believes that disease is fundamentally caused by an energetic blockage in the flow of bioelectricity (life-force energy, also called Chi or Qi) within the body.

  • The Nervous System as a Cable: The human body operates on bioelectricity, and the brain and spinal cord act like a central communication system. The spine is a cable connecting the brain to the internal organs.
  • The Problem: When this pathway (nerve) is squeezed or blocked—often due to stress, injury, or muscle tension—the electrical signal cannot reach the corresponding organ properly, leading to malfunction or disease.
  • The Goal: The primary goal of Tong Ren is to actively open these blockages along the nerves of the central nervous system (CNS).

2. The Collective Unconscious (The Energy Source)

Tong Ren healing harnesses the power of the mind and intention to transmit healing energy.

  • Healing at a Distance: Practitioners believe that intention can transcend constraints of distance because consciousness is interconnected (the collective unconscious).
  • Brainwave Entrainment: The focused mind and healing intent of the practitioner generate a coherent energetic frequency that can synchronize (entrain) the patient's brainwaves and physiological systems, thereby initiating healing.

How Tong Ren Differs from Standard Acupuncture

While Tong Ren uses the many of the same points recognized in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the method of application and primary focus are different:

Feature

Traditional Acupuncture

Tong Ren Therapy

Method

Uses fine needles inserted physically into the patient's body.

Uses a small plastic anatomical model (a doll) and tools like a magnetic hammer or laser pointer, rather than inserting needles into the patient.

Contact

Requires physical presence and needle insertion.

Distance Healing: Physical contact is not required; treatment can be sent to a patient thousands of miles away.

Focus

Historically based on balancing energy (Qi) flow within meridians.

Focuses primarily on eliminating bioelectrical blockages along the spinal column and nerves (the CNS), linking Western anatomy to Chinese points.

The Tool's Role

The needle directly stimulates the physical point.

The plastic doll is merely an energetic representation or a "trigger" for the healer's mind, which sends the healing signal.

How Tong Ren is Used

In practice, Tong Ren healing uses a combination of focus and physical tools directed at the anatomical model to clear blockages and restore communication:

  1. Preparation: The practitioner mentally connects to the collective unconscious using focused intention.
  2. The Tool: The practitioner uses tools like a magnetic hammer, laser beam, or sometimes just a finger to tap, strike, or direct energy toward the plastic acupuncture model.
  3. Targeting: The practitioner focuses on key points on the doll that correspond to the location of the patient's blockages.
  4. Routine: A thorough session generally follows a three-part routine:
    • Part 1: Blood to the Brain: This focuses on points in the head and neck to ensure strong circulation to the brain (the "command center").
    • Part 2: Sympathetic Nervous System: This involves tapping along the entire spinal column, from C1 (Cervical) down to S5 (Sacrum), to physically clear blockages in the central nervous system's "fight or flight" response.
    • Part 3: Parasympathetic Nervous System: This focuses on stimulating key points, particularly along the Vagus nerve and Kidney Meridian (like GB12 and K1 on the foot), to activate the "rest and digest" mode for deep healing and grounding the energy.
  5. Focus on Specific Areas: If a patient has a specific illness, the practitioner spends additional time on the relevant targeted points (e.g., T4 for skin/detoxification, or C6/C7 for thyroid/parathyroid issues).

 

Outline of the Theory of Tong Ren Therapy

I. The Foundation and Proof of Tong Ren

A. Theory vs. Evidence

  • Tong Ren Therapy is based on a supporting theory, but it has not been proven by expert scientific research (which requires financial and political support).
  • The only proof for Tong Ren comes from the real results and experiences of patients and the practitioner.
  • Many people willingly try Western treatments like chemotherapy without knowing the theory, but some refuse to try Tong Ren if they don't understand the theory.
  • Faith healing works, and religious or mystical healing methods have existed throughout human history.

B. Not a Religion or Mystery

  • Tong Ren is not connected to any religion and should not be seen as a mystery.
  • The philosophy of Tong Ren is linked to the collective unconscious and the power of the mind.

II. The Philosophy: The Collective Unconscious

A. The Source of Healing Power

  • The core philosophy is that when a group of people comes together to focus on healing, they form a collective unconscious mind.
  • This collective mind becomes the source of the healing power.
  • The healing power comes from our mind, which transforms into a healing energy called Chi (or Qi).
  • The body is seen as a projection of the mind, meaning the body can be healed if we create the correct mental "imprint" in the subconscious mind.

B. Momentum and Belief

  • As more people believe in Tong Ren and experience positive results, the collective unconscious becomes more and more powerful.
  • The healing experience is stored in the brain as a subconscious memory, which increases the strength of the therapy.
  • The concept is similar to the "Hundredth Monkey" story, where knowledge or behavior transfers between groups without direct contact, suggesting a shared consciousness at work.

III. How Tong Ren is Applied (The Method)

A. The Healing Tool

  • The practitioner uses a regular plastic acupuncture model (a doll).
  • This doll is used as an energetic representation of the patient's body.
  • The practitioner places needles in specific spots on the doll or uses a hammer to tap the points.

B. Action at a Distance

  • The mind and the collective unconscious are not limited by space.
  • Tong Ren allows a patient to be treated over a long distance because the mind establishes a connection with the patient.
  • The healing power is not in the doll itself; the doll is merely a trigger for the healer's mind.

C. Purpose of the Points

  • The specific acupuncture points chosen on the doll are mainly focused on eliminating bioelectrical blockages along the spinal column and nerves (the CNS), linking Western anatomy to Chinese points instead of focusing on balancing just energy along the chinese meridians.
  • The purpose of using these points is to regulate and balance the Chi circulation in the body.

IV. The Mechanism: Brainwave Entrainment

A. The Mind and Healing Signal

  • Scientific studies support that the power of the mind can trigger healing, as seen in placebo effects (sugar pills).
  • The mind is considered a form of brainwave.
  • Brainwave Entrainment is the theory that one brainwave can affect or synchronize with another (like how a mother's brainwave can affect a baby's heartbeat).

B. Transmission of Healing

  • Tong Ren healing works by the therapist sending their brainwave (which carries the healing signal) to the patient, causing the patient's mind to synchronize or "entrain".
  • This works similarly to a television remote control sending an electromagnetic signal with the correct code.
  • When the practitioner sends the right signal from their brain, the patient makes progress in healing.
  • Tong Ren is seen as a transfer of Chi, healing, and knowledge that does not rely on hypnotic suggestion.

V. Ethics and Effectiveness

A. No Harm

  • The purpose of Tong Ren is to help and balance energy; it cannot cause any harm.
  • If a practitioner tries to use Tong Ren to harm someone, it will fail, and they will end up harming themselves, as this goes against the collective unconscious intent.
  • Practitioners must aim their minds toward helping the sick and hopeless heal.

B. Broad Efficacy

  • Tong Ren can work well even for people who do not believe in it.
  • It works for animals, babies, or patients in a coma, which shows it is not dependent solely on the patient's belief or conscious suggestion.
  • When Tong Ren practitioners heal others, they also heal themselves because they are within the same collective unconscious.

C. The Need to Unblock

  • Tong Ren healing is different because it believes there is a specific blockage for each disease, and the root of the problem is solved by opening that blockage.



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Questions Regarding Tong Ren Therapy

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

I. Healing Energy and the Mind

1. Tong Ren therapy uses a major idea called the "collective unconscious." What exactly is this shared mind power, and how does this group belief start the process of physical healing?

    ◦ Follow-up Question (Q2): If this power comes from many people believing in and experiencing good results, does the therapy get stronger and more effective over time as more people practice it?

 

2. The founder, Tom Tam, created Tong Ren by mixing ancient Chinese healing (like Chi Gong and Acupuncture) with modern ideas about the body’s bioelectricity (energy). What was his main goal in combining these two very different systems?

    ◦ Follow-up Question (Q4): Western doctors use drugs or surgery, but Tong Ren focuses on fixing diseases just by clearing invisible "bioelectrical blockages." How can getting rid of these energy blockages actually cure a physical illness?

 

II. Locating and Fixing Blockages

3. Tong Ren suggests that most sickness is caused by an energy blockage that stops the brain from sending the right signals to the body. How can a practitioner tell exactly where this invisible blockage is located on the patient’s spine or head?

    ◦ Follow-up Question (Q6): Since Tong Ren uses the same energy points as acupuncture but focuses on the nerves and spine, how does this method try to truly connect the ancient Chinese meridian system with modern Western anatomy (the nervous system)?

 

4. The three-part healing process includes focusing on blood flow, the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight), and the parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest). What specific signs do practitioners look for to know if the patient's major "rest and digest" nerve pathways are successfully responding to the treatment?

    ◦ Follow-up Question (Q8): For complex, system-wide chronic conditions (like fibromyalgia or chronic neurological disorders) that Western medicine struggles to treat, what unique perspective does Tong Ren offer regarding the root cause of these long-term issues?

 

III. Distance Healing and Tools

5. Tong Ren can successfully treat patients from thousands of miles away without any physical contact, a process called "distance healing." Since energy is not limited by space, how does the therapist transmit the healing signal or energy (Chi) over such a long distance?

 

    ◦ Follow-up Question (Q10): When performing distance healing, the therapist uses a plastic acupuncture doll and tools like a magnetic hammer. If the mind sends the healing signal, why is the doll needed, and what role does it play in triggering the proper healing code?

 

6. Tong Ren believes healing works through "brainwave entrainment," where the therapist’s mind synchronizes with the patient’s mind, like a remote control sending a code to a TV. How do you measure the immediate effect of stimulating points on the doll to confirm that the brain’s communication is actually being enhanced?

    ◦ Follow-up Question (Q12): Since the right signal needs to be sent to get results, practitioners must keep a very positive and compassionate mind during healing. What specific training or habits help a practitioner keep their intention focused and harness this strong emotional state?


  

 

Some Helpful Links and Documents 

 

  • Johanna.life/tong-ren
  • Info@johanna.life
  • Tongrenstation.com/wp-content/uploads/theory_of_tongren_english.pdf
  • Researchgate.net/publication/228661268_The_Tong_Ren_Healing_Method_A_Survey_Study

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    FreedomWalker’s Sources, Citations, Credits, and Links





    COFFEE & GREEN TEA COMBO

     


    • https://www.goodnewsnetwork.org/comedy-wildlife-contest-unveils-wonderful-photo-finalists-to-make-everyone-smile/
    • https://www.goodnewsnetwork.org/comedy-wildlife-contest-unveils-wonderful-photo-finalists-to-make-everyone-smile/
    • https://blog.upsbatterycenter.com/iron-water-and-air-battery-from-rust/
    • https://www.npr.org/2023/04/07/1168605721/coolio-death-fentanyl-overdose-coroners-report
    • https://apnews.com/article/coolio-cause-of-death-fentanyl-6725484f4583f7cf0b211537a89f2511
    • https://www.thebestofblondie.com/2025/10/22/blondie-no-exit-feat-coolio-the-loud-allstars/ 

     

     

    THE SPRUCE


    • https://blog.govx.com/the-govx-guide-to-the-2025-national-first-responders-day-ceremony/
    • https://collider.com/international-animated-shows-best-ranked/
    • https://www.howtogeek.com/best-animated-films-that-arent-american-or-japanese/
    • https://www.twineagles.org/survival-food-list.html
    • https://legalclarity.org/why-is-separation-of-church-and-state-important/
    • https://www.katheats.com/kaths-tribute-to-oatmeal
    • https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/data-research/facts-stats/index.html
    • https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11786524/
    • https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/horror-refrigerator
    • https://natashaskitchen.com/pumpkin-bread-recipe/
    • https://hogonext.com/how-to-be-mischievous/ 




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    THE INTERVIEW

     
      
    • Dry Cleaners: https://youtu.be/_R4LoTn9mYE?si=XJlITwgO8CYsRKiR 
     
     
     

    beetle's Sources, Citations, Credits, and Links

     

    (Re)Sources for Meta on the Meta: “'World Without Man'”



    On-Air Multimedia and Other References / Resources




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    2. "SCP-804." Scp-wikidot.com. Description: SCP-804 is the remains of an art installation titled "World Without Man," revealed on ██/██/20██, by the defunct artists' group Unelmat Paremmasta Maailmasta. According to documentation retrieved and deleted from the artists' website during clean-up procedure, SCP-804 was originally a large, clear globe of the Earth, with several smaller globes and video equipment within. Promotional material on the website implied that the globe was to display images of pastoral wilderness untouched by mankind contrasted with visuals of abandoned human industry and decaying landmarks....  Accessed 10.28.2025. https://scp-wiki.wikidot.com/scp-804
    3. "About The SCP Foundation." Scp-wikidot.com. Mankind in its present state has been around for a quarter of a million years, yet only a small fraction of that has been of any significance.So, what did we do for nearly 250,000 years? We huddled in caves and around small fires, fearful of the things that we didn't understand. It was more than explaining why the sun came up, it was the mystery of enormous birds with heads of men and rocks that came to life. So we called them "gods" and "demons", begged them to spare us, and prayed for salvation. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://scp-wiki.wikidot.com/about-the-scp-foundation 

     

     

     

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    22. "Examples of fungibility." Thinklair, Youtube. [7:37] In one of my previous videos there were comments indicating that some people still didn't really grasp fungibility and non-fungibility. It's probably because the words are big and intimidating.  In this video, I give three or four practical examples, which explain why fungibility lies on a spectrum, and is usually in the eye of the beholder. March 29, 2021. https://youtu.be/HM1tw6F8PYc?si=uYShoogOTJHS_ueq
    23. "Metaethics: Crash Course Philosophy #32." CrashCourse, Youtube. [9:33] We begin our unit on ethics with a look at metaethics. Hank explains three forms of moral realism – moral absolutism, and cultural relativism, including the difference between descriptive and normative cultural relativism – and moral subjectivism, which is a form of moral antirealism. Finally, we’ll introduce the concept of an ethical theory. October 25, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOoffXFpAlU
    24. "Ethical dilemma: Whose life is more valuable? - Rebecca L. Walker." TED-Ed, Youtube. [6:05] Puzzle through a classic ethical dilemma and decide: how do we determine the value of a life, whether human or non-human?  --  To protect against a possible resurgence of smallpox, the US government is funding research to improve treatments and vaccines. And since it’s unethical to expose people to a highly lethal virus, labs are using monkeys as research subjects. But is it right to harm these animals to protect humanity from a potential threat? Rebecca L. Walker takes a look at this classic ethical dilemma.   Lesson by Rebecca L. Walker, directed by Sharon Colman.  This video was produced in collaboration with the Parr Center for Ethics, housed within the renowned Philosophy Department at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The Parr Center is committed to integrating abstract work in ethical theory with the informed discussion of practical ethical issues, and prides itself on the development of innovative and inclusive approaches to moral and civic education. November 8, 2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rQi2uNqwxk
    25. "An Introduction to Metaethics." The Wandering Professor, Youtube. [15:38] An introduction to basic concepts and theories of metaethics. To dig deeper: .... June 4, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSuUQnGCFMs
    26. "Why do philosophers use *imaginary* examples?" Jeffrey Kaplan, Youtube. [10:58] This video explains the philosophical concept or tool known as a "counterexample." The central question answered in this video is why it is legitimate, when attempting to disprove a philosophical theory, to sometimes use a fictional or made-up example. March 28, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQaNMxNVCJQ
    27. "Two possible arguments against the existence of objective morality (and possible responses)." Jeffrey Kaplan, Youtube. [21:04] This video lecture builds off of a reading by MacKinnon & Fiala, wherein they canvas four arguments or reasons that moral skepticism or relativism are attractive. In the video I only discuss two of these reasons : (1) the existence pervasiveness, and persistence of moral disagreement and (2) the diversity of situations in which moral agents find themselves. This is part of an introductory level philosophy course, Introduction to Ethics. March 12, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eH2iDbmIM9M
    28. "Semester Ethics Course condensed into 22mins (Part 1 of 2)." Jeffrey Kaplan, Youtube. [22:57] This is a philosophy video lecture that compresses a course that normally takes 15 weeks into just one video. Or really, it only manages to condense half of that course into 22 minutes.   What is the morally right thing to do? Is there some moral law that applies to everyone, or is morality relative in some way? And what’s so good about morality anyway? To answer these questions, we read Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Hume, Bentham, Locke, Kant, Nietzsche, Nozick, Singer, O’Neill and others. This is an introductory level philosophy course. Students do not need any prior experience with philosophy.  For more of my videos: https://www.jeffreykaplan.org/youtube. June 9, 2022. https://youtu.be/DLCUn6h7qRo?si=dgKtr4SIHuqCPGI-
    29. "Semester Ethics Course condensed (Part 2 of 2)." Jeffrey Kaplan, Youtube. [19:14] Extended lecture of Plato's dialogue, Euthyphro: "Plato's Euthyphro - Which comes first" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oltsfcVWe3A&t=0s). This is the second half of an attempt to compresses an ethics course that normally takes 15 weeks into just two videos.  What is the morally right thing to do? Is there some moral law that applies to everyone, or is morality relative in some way? And what’s so good about morality anyway? To answer these questions, we read Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Hume, Bentham, Locke, Kant, Nietzsche, Nozick, Singer, O’Neill and others. This is an introductory level philosophy course. Students do not need any prior experience with philosophy. For more of my videos: https://www.jeffreykaplan.org/youtube. July 14, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpmD6NuM_r0
    30. "Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals." Jeffrey Kaplan, Youtube. [25:20] Why be moral? Nietzsche's answer is: don't! October 25, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2F-T0sJfMQ
    31. "David Hume's Argument Against Moral Realism." Jeffrey Kaplan, Youtube. [23:38] This is a lecture video about a short selection from book 3 of David Hume's famous work of philosophy, A Treatise of Human Nature (1739–40). Hume was an empiricist. The lecture of basically a presentation of his argument from empiricism to the conclusion that there are no genuine, objective moral facts residing in actions themselves (rather, there are only sentiments of moral disapprobation or disapproval in us). This lecture of part of Introduction to Ethics. February 17, 2020. https://youtu.be/V9_VN1ayQ5Y?si=8-7a00tPiMOmKq86
    32. "Realism and Anti-Realism | Philosophy Glossary." Attic Philosophy, Youtube. [6:22] What do 'realism' and 'anti-realism' mean in philosophy? How should we understand the terms, and how do they relate to one another? You'll know in under 5 minutes of this Philosophy Glossary explainer! August 20, 2022. https://youtu.be/teLsXczfeNM?si=rb4g1tKImjAY-pSR
    33. "The Best Argument For Moral Realism?" Philosophy Overdose, Youtube. [7:45] A clip of Hilary Putnam giving a "Reductio Ad Rortyan" argument for moral realism (or against moral anti-realism) and then Nathan Nobis provides a similar such argument, a version of a companion in guilt argument. Note, this is a version of an upload from the previous channel of something that I put together awhile ago. June 2, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bFfDwvbKP8
    34. "Moral Realism - Explained and Debated." Philosophy Vibe, Youtube. [16:54] This video was sponsored by Brilliant. Join Philosophy Vibe as George and John discuss and debate different philosophical ideas, today they will be looking into Moral Realism. Part of moral philosophy and metaethics, moral realism is the belief that there exists objective moral truths in the world, and morality is something external to human emotion and sentiment. Is this there good grounds to accept that morality is objective? Watch as moral realism is explained, analysed and debated.  For a complete overview on ethics and metaethics, please checkout the Philosophy Vibe eBooks available on Amazon:  Ethics - https://mybook.to/philosophyvibe4  Metaethics - https://mybook.to/philosophyvibe5  0:00 - Intro 3:02 - Moral Realism and its strengths 5:18 - Naturalist Moral Realism 6:57 - Open Question Argument (against Naturalism) 8:59 - Non-Naturalist Moral Realism 13:02 - Moral Disagreements. November 12, 2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pr4twpK1cM
    35. "Anti-Realism - Searle & Putnam." Philosophy Overdose, Youtube. [7:28] Clips of Hilary Putnam & John Searle discussing anti-realism, including various kinds of subjectivism, relativism & skepticism. Check out the following discussion between Putnam & Rorty on Truth & Pragmatism: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxL0fQcrjzQ . April 16, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jt-9NS--o8Q
    36. "The Best Argument For Moral Realism?" Philosophy Overdose, Youtube. [7:45] A clip of Hilary Putnam giving a "Reductio Ad Rortyan" argument for moral realism (or against moral anti-realism) and then Nathan Nobis provides a similar such argument, a version of a companion in guilt argument. Note, this is a version of an upload from the previous channel of something that I put together awhile ago. June 22, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bFfDwvbKP8
    37. "Reductio Ad Rortyan." Philosophy Overdose, Youtube. [4:15] A few clips of Hilary Putnam discussing Richard Rorty.  Check out their conversation together on truth and pragmatism with James Conant: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxL0fQcrjzQ. July 7, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cGcZLtynHI
    38. "Does Moral Error prove that there are Objective Moral Laws?" Jeffrey Kaplan, Youtube. [22:20] This is a video lecture about chapter 3 ("Moral Error") of Russ Shafer-Landau's book 'Whatever Happened to Good and Evil?'. The argument relies on a distinction between internal and external moral critiques. This is part of an introductory level philosophy course, Introduction to Ethics. March 10, 2020.
    39. "An Explanation of the Normative-Descriptive Distinction (and the varieties of normativity)." Jeffrey Kaplan, Youtube. [13:23] This is a video lecture about the different between descriptive claims or laws, on the one hand, and normative claims or laws, on the other. I also explain three different varieties of normativity: the moral, the prudential, and the epistemic. This video was originally produced for use in an introductory level philosophy course, Introduction to Ethics. But it is a stand-alone explanation, so it can be used in any other context. March 16, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1X6R8ze7O0I 
    40. "The fallacious move from different perspectives to relativism about truth." Jeffrey Kaplan, Youtube. [11:05] This is a short lecture video about a common argument that one often hears for the claim the truth of some claims are relative. The argument stems from the fact that different people have different perspectives and that those different perspectives are, in some sense, equal. All that is true, but it does not show the matters about which people have different perspectives are not factual matters regarding which some beliefs are simply truth and others simply false. March 11, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eodr-9V6Z8
    41. "Occam's Razor - rational principles explained." Jeffrey Kaplan, Youtube. [11:33] This is a video explaining Occams's Razor, which is a normative, rational pattern of thought. It also explains how this principle differs from Inference to the Best Explanation and some other similar principles. There is also an explanation of an individual's ontology. To illustrate all of this, several examples are used involving the germ theory of disease and plate tectonics. This video was originally developed for use in an introductory level philosophy course, Introduction to Ethics, but it can be used for any philosophy course. March 17, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BxxKE-NcRo
    42. "Bernard Williams' Attack on Moral Relativism." Jeffrey Kaplan, Youtube. [30:34]  This is a lecture explaining a brief section called "Interlude: Relativism​" in his book "Morality: An Introduction to Ethics." The basic idea that Williams has is that there is a tension between moral relativism and some kind of universal toleration principle. These two views, which Williams believes contradict one another, however, are often held together, by the same people, as part of a view that he calls "Vulgar Relativism." The problem with Vulgar Relativism, Williams claims, is that it is self-defeating or self-contradictory. This video lecture is part of an introductory level philosophy course, Introduction to Ethics. February 19, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uBbmuvW-Kc
    43. "A Critique of Error Theory." Inspiring Philosophy, Youtube. [17:19] Special thanks to Ben Watkins for contributing to this video. You can check out his podcast here:    / @realatheology    Special thanks to Maximus Confesses for reviewing and helping with the content for this video. To follow Max, and a bunch of other Catholic writers, for their posts and dank memes, subscribe over on medium, and/or like their Facebook group:   / the-liturgical     / liturgicallegion     Sources:  Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong - J. L. Mackie  Ethical Theory: The Question of Objectivity -  James Rachels   Metaethics: An Introduction - Andrew Fisher  http://personal.victoria.ac.nz/richar...  Moral Realism: A Defense - Russ Shafer-Landau  Moral Realism - Kevin DeLapp     *If you are caught excessively commenting, being disrespectful, insulting, or derailing then your comments will be removed. If you do not like it you can watch this video:    • For the Censorship Whiners    "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use." January 5, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkVR99xX5XI
    44. "The Is-Ought Problem (David Hume)." Philosophy Vibe, Youtube. [4:13] Join George and John as they discuss and debate different Philosophical ideas. Today they will be looking at David Hume’s Is-Ought Problem. This is a problem within Metaethics which highlights the gap between what is and what ought to be. How can non moral natural facts about the world (what is) tell us how we should act (what ought to be). Is there a gap in our moral reasoning, are we too quick to deduce moral behaviour based on natural facts about the world? Is it right to agree that what is, should not tell us what ought to be? Find out as our favourite Philosophers discuss the problem. March 18, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xEcdJHNdZE 
    45. "Moral Skepticism - Error Theory (J.L Mackie)." Philosophy Vibe, Youtube. [9:16] Join George and John as they discuss and debate different Philosophical ideas, today they will be looking into the Error Theory.  Moral Skepticism is the doubt of morality. J.L Mackie proposes a radical ethical theory known as Error Theory. This is the idea that all moral claims are in fact false. As morality does not exist, any moral statement is therefore a false statement.  Watch the discussion to see if Mackie has good grounds to reject the existence of morality and render all moral statements as false. May 13, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycfRRJAkJLA
    46. "G.E Moore's Non Naturalism (Open Question Argument & Intuitionism: Metaethics)." Philosophy Vibe, Youtube. [8:00] Join George and John as they discuss and debate different Philosophical ideas. Today they are continuing with Metaethics and focusing on G.E Moore’s Non Naturalism. Is it the case that moral language cannot be defined with natural properties? Is morality non-natural, something recognised through an innate Intuition? The two will study the Open Question Argument, a logical formula used to dismantle naturalism and propose an Intuitionist approach to morality. February 18, 218. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4fFl-J0Vks
    47. "What is Phenomenology?" PHILO-notes, Youtube. [6:09] This video lecture discusses the meaning of phenomenology. February 21, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQUatOYJW6M
    48. "Phenomenology: WTF? Time and Phenomenology explained!" Tom Nicholas, Youtube. [9:43]  In this latest episode of What the Theory? I take a look at phenomenology, time and dasein (Heidegger's concept of consciousness) through the example of Christopher Nolan's Dunkirk, the narrative of which is incredibly playful with how human beings experience time and consciousness.  After the success of my video on semiotics, I was keen to move beyond those Cartesian modes of interpreting the world to those which engage in a more existentialist approach. February 1, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h95vUgnFdbk
    49. "What is Phenomenology?" Language and Philosophy, Youtube. [9:41] Phenomenology is a philosophical movement during the 20th century that studies reality as subjectively experienced. Etymologically, it comes from the Greek word phainómenon, which means "that which appears", and lόgos, or "study". Hence, phenomenology is generally defined as the science of phenomenon or that which appears.  More specifically, phenomenology seeks to investigate the universal features of consciousness while avoiding assumptions about the external world, aiming to describe phenomena as they appear to the subject, and to explore the meaning and significance of the lived experiences.  In this video, we will talk about what phenomenology is, its history, as well as some of its key concepts. December 30, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG3fq-KHDDw
    50. "The Science of Consciousness | Phenomenology." The Living Philosophy, Youtube. [11:04] Phenomenology is a school of philosophy that originated in the 20th century. With Edmund Husserl Phenomenology was born but it was the Phenomenology Heidegger innovated that reoriented the course of European philosophy.  The Phenomenology of Husserl and Heidegger (whose respective philosophies are called Transcendental Phenomenology and Existential Phenomenology) does not seek after external objective truth—as philosophy and science generally do—phenomenology strives for subjective truth—in Husserl’s case it is an attempt to make a subjective science of consciousness. Husserl developed a method for attaining this truth which involves reducing away the noise so as to isolate the essence of a phenomenon. Heidegger parted from Husserl saying that phenomenology could not be a science with knowledge because the meaning of a phenomenon is context-dependent. Heidegger moves from Husserl’s epistemological project to an ontological program.  There is a growing scholarship looking at the connection between phenomenology and eastern philosophy. It is even said that Heidgger was influenced in his conception of Dasein as being-in-the-world through a German commentator on Taoist philosopher Chuang-tzu. June 13, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvA9FxsM9G8
    51. '"Everything Is Disappearing and I Don't Know Why" Creepypasta | r/NoSleep.' Mr Sinister, Youtube. [12:44] Look out your window... Original Story: https://www.reddit.com/r/nosleep/comments/1hir21k/everything_is_disappearing/ Everything Is Disappearing and I Don't Know Why by Donovan Renouf. February 21, 2025. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iKfkfkucOA 

    • "Everything is disappearing." DoctorEnouf, Reddit.com. It began subtly... so subtly that most people didn’t notice. A missed meeting here, an unanswered text there. At first, no one connected the dots. People vanish all the time, runaways, accidents, those who simply want to disappear. But this wasn’t like that. Accessed October 12, 2025. https://www.reddit.com/r/nosleep/comments/1hir21k/everything_is_disappearing/
    • "Julius Caesar: 3.1.205-226." Shakespeare, William. Act 3, scene 1 summary: "With a flourish of trumpets, Caesar, Antony, the conspirators, the soothsayer, senators, and petitioners enter. Caesar observes that “the ides of March are come,” and the soothsayer replies that, nevertheless, they are not yet gone. Artemidorus urges Caesar to read his letter first, but Caesar says that a suit concerning himself should be read last. Cassius urges Caesar to enter the Capitol rather than receiving petitions in the street...." Accessed August 25, 2024. https://www.litcharts.com/shakescleare/shakespeare-translations/julius-caesar/act-3-scene-1
    • “I think the sort of philosophy I believe in is useful in this way: That it enables people to act with vigor when they're not absolutely certain that is the right action. I think nobody should be certain of anything. If you're certain, then you're certainly wrong, because nothing deserves certainty. So, why not hold all one's beliefs with a certain element of doubt. And one ought to be able to act vigorously in spite of the doubt. After all, this is what a general does when he's planning a battle. He doesn't quite know what the enemy would do but if he's a good general, he guesses right. If he's a bad general, he guesses wrong. But one has, in practical life, to act upon probabilities. And what I should look to philosophy to do, is to encourage people to act with vigor without complete certainty.” Bertrand Russell on Philosophy, 1960 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5IEYW5wuK3Y)
    • "What is the closest thing to Earth ever discovered in the universe?" Quora.com. Accessed April 27, 2024. https://extremelyinterestingfacts.quora.com/What-is-the-closest-thing-to-Earth-ever-discovered-in-the-universe-1?ch=10&oid=1477743747284886&share=9c16f892&srid=hIB6L1&target_type=answer
    • "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus." Ludwig Wittgenstein; translated by C.K. Ogden. Chiron Academic Press - Sweden, 2016.
    • "Wittgenstein’s Logical Atomism." Although it has few adherents today, logical atomism was once a leading movement of early twentieth-century analytic philosophy. Different, though related, versions of the view were developed by Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Russell’s logical atomism is set forth chiefly in his 1918 work “The Philosophy of Logical Atomism” (Russell 1956), Wittgenstein’s in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus of 1921 (Wittgenstein 1981).  Plato.stanford.edu, revised September 13, 2022. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wittgenstein-atomism/
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    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_conceit
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological_snobbery
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_reasoning
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogito,_ergo_sum
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitivism_(ethics)
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    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency_(philosophy)
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    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotivism
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    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressivism
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    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_modifier
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    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_regress 
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    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knightian_uncertainty 
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_by_acquaintance
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    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_relativism
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    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-realism
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalism
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductio_ad_absurdum
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Rorty
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_teapot
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_skepticism
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-determination_theory
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_contract
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_symptom_disorder 
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_act
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statement_(logic) 
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjectivity_and_objectivity_(philosophy)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_of_disbelief 
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula_rasa
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautology_(logic) 
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautology_(rhetoric)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theorem#Terminology
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_descriptions 
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractatus_Logico-Philosophicus
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_function
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_value
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_prescriptivism 
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_theory
    • https://www.wittgensteinproject.org/w/index.php?title=Tractatus_Logico-Philosophicus_(English) 
    • https://www.wordnik.com/words/fungibility






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    1. Hollywood Undead: “Day of the Dead”



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