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Tuesday, July 2, 2019

July 2nd 2019: "Power (and Wabi-Sabi) to the People!"






  • As always, YOUR BLACK META is bringing MAXIMUM AWESOME! Music, Meta, and Mindful; local news and upcoming events; opportunities for engaging with and supporting local communities!
  • This week, our guest is JUANITA AMADOR, the community organizer and powerful voice of the Kingston Tenants' Union, and FANON FRAZIER, community organizer for the Kingston chapter of Citizen Action!
  • We're also beginning a deeper look at Wabi-Sabi, the philosophy and the lifestyle! And we're looking closer at logic and argumentation--its many forms and methods--in preparation for learning how and with what to build and win our arguments! It's about to get straight-REASONABLE up in this space!


--Your Black Meta!






THE INTERVIEW

 JUANITA AMADOR & FANON FRAZIER!

From left to right: beetle, FreedomWalker, Fanon Frazier, and Juanita Amador! Photo by Nate Brogan. Power to the People!



Juanita Amador | Community Organizer, Kingston Tenants Union | Kingstontenantsunion.org/

Fanon Frazier | Community Organizer, Citizen Action NY, Kingston | Citizenactionny.org/ |




Resources & Recommendations


 Multimedia
"Understanding the Rights and Duties of Landlords and Tenants." Kingston Tenants Union, Youtube.com. February 22, 2019. [1:36:30]
    Presentation by Steven Gottlieb Esq. Steve Gottlieb Esq. is in private practice and represents both tenants and landlords. A former Bronx Legal Services housing attorney, Mr. Gottlieb has operated a free weekly legal clinic at the Clinton Avenue Methodist Church since 1995. Kingston Tenants Union believes in & fighting for Tenants Protection In Kingston, NY and Surrounding Area
    Presentación de Steven Gottlieb Esq. Steven Gottlieb Esq. Es de práctica privada y representa tanto a los inquilinos como a los propietarios. Un ex abogado de vivienda del Bronx Legal Services, el Sr. Gottlieb ha operado una clínica legal semanal gratuita en la Iglesia Metodista Clinton Avenue desde 1995. Kingston Tenants Union cree en y lucha por la protección de los inquilinos en Kingston, NY y sus alrededores

    https://youtu.be/rEkTxhTr2qg


    Articles


    "The Facts: Kingston's Housing Crisis": https://kingstontenantsunion.org/kingstonian/





    Social Media
    • https://kingstontenantsunion.org/ 
    • https://www.facebook.com/groups/kingstontentantsunion/ (FACEBOOK GROUP)
    • https://www.facebook.com/kingstontenantsunion/ (FACEBOOK PAGE)
    • @KNYTenantsUnion
    • https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvs5zJTS6CfYVY9K3XsMLrA/about

    • https://citizenactionny.org/
    • https://www.facebook.com/citizenactionny
    • https://www.instagram.com/citizenactionny/
    • @citizenactionny






    Support Our Community AND BE INFORMED


    Community organizations to connect, to listen, and to be heard:
    https://citizenactionny.org/about
    https://citizenactionny.org/events/venues/7-grand-st-kingston-ny-12401-usa
    https://kingstontenantsunion.org/
    https://kingstontenantsunion.org/events/
    https://kingstontenantsunion.org/news/
    https://riseupkingston.org/
    https://riseupkingston.org/blog

    Upcoming Demonstrations
    Your Meta will keep you updated about upcoming opportunities to speak up and speak out. 






    Upcoming Festivals and Concerts


    Supertone Music Festival 2019 | Saturday, JULY 6, 2019
    Basilica Hudson is a non-profit multidisciplinary arts center in Hudson, NY, supporting the creation, production and presentation of independent and innovative arts and culture while fostering sustainable community. Founded in 2010 by musician Melissa Auf der Maur and filmmaker Tony Stone, Basilica Hudson makes its home in a spectacular solar-powered reclaimed 1880s industrial factory on the waterfront of the historic City of Hudson. Weekend destination events comprise the core of Basilica Hudson’s music, performance, film, food and literary programming, alongside regular film screenings series, art exhibitions, and other community gatherings. . . . Visit site for 2019 lineup. https://basilicahudson.org/supertone-music-festival-2019/
    Huichica East 2019 | AUGUST 9 - 10
    Since 2016 Hudson Valley has hosted Huichica East, our East Coast incarnation of the popular Sonoma festival. Set at the beautiful and expansive Chaseholm Farm just south of Hudson, NY, Huichica East replicates the heart of Huichica, with epic pastoral settings, great music, tasty farm-grown food, and lovely people. Visit site for 2019 lineup. https://hudson.huichica.com
    Woodsist Festival 2019 | Saturday, SEPTEMBER 28, 2019 | Arrowood Farms, Accord, NY | Gates: 12noon / Show: 1:00pm / End: 10pm (approx)
    Lineup: Whitney • Real Estate • Woods • Kevin Morby Waxahatchee • Hand Habits • Bonny Doon • Wet Tuna • Anna St. Louis • Little Wings • DJ Jeff Conklin (WMFU) + More TBA. Visit site for more 2019 info. https://www.woodsist.com/woodsist-festival-2019/



    TMI PROJECT: #BlackStoriesMatter: Truth to Power
    WHAT AN AMAZING NIGHT THIS WAS!




     PHOTO: TMI Project, #BlackStoriesMatter (#BSM). Flyer retrieved from: https://www.tmiproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/truthtopower_event.jpg
    SEE THE ARCHIVED VIDEO AT: https://www.facebook.com/tmiproject/videos/625808171228052/

    And THANK YOU! to TMI Project's and #BlackStoriesMatter's staff, volunteers, and performers. Especially those who helped bring another #BlackStoriesMatter (#BSM) to powerful, gorgeous life this past Friday! It was an honor to work with you all, again and for the first time, including and especially the amazing, accomplished, gracious, and incredibly kind Dr. A.J. Williams-Myers! And I urge you to check out his books, including, In Their Own Words: Voices from the Middle Passage.--beetle

    EVENT DETAILS
    Free & open to the public!(Suggested donation: $20)
    Join TMI Project for Truth to Power, a live storytelling performance featuring a cast of new storytellers who participated in a Black Stories Matter weekend intensive writing workshop. This intergenerational performance will feature inspiring stories about Black people surviving, and thriving, in the Hudson Valley.
    In addition to these stories being presented to the general public at the live performance, storytellers will be prepared to share their stories at City Hall forums, community speak outs and rallies, using their experience to create true and lasting change.
    This event will be live streamed on Facebook thanks to our partner Radio Kingston.
    Special thanks to our Black Stories Matter partners: Rise Up Kingston, AJ Williams-Myers African Roots Center, Kingston High School, RUPCO, and Radio Kingston.


    About Black Stories Matter

    Black Stories Matter is TMI Project’s way of making an impact in addressing incidents of hate, bigotry and racial injustice in our local community while also participating as an organization in the national outcry of injustice. TMI Project’s mission with Black Stories Matter is to elevate the underrepresented stories of the Black experience in America – the full spectrum – the triumphs, humor, beauty and resilience.


    TMI Project on Social Media

    • Website: TMIProject.org
    • Facebook: Tmiproject
    • Instagram: Tmiproject
    • Twitter: @tmiproject
    • YouTube: Tmiproject (https://www.youtube.com/user/thetmiproject/about)




    Dr. A.J. Williams-Myers





     PHOTO: Dr. A.J. Williams-Myers. Photo from Hudson Valley One (https://hudsonvalleyone.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Williams-Myers-228x320.jpg).


    About Dr. A.J. Williams-Myers

    Dr. A.J. Williams-Myers is a prominent Professor Emeritus of Black Studies at the State University of New York at New Paltz. He holds a Ph.D. in African History from UCLA. Dr. Williams-Myers is the former director of the New York African American Institute, a member of the New York State Freedom Trail Commission and historian for the African Burial Ground Interpretive Center in New York City.
    He is a well published historian whose work includes books, articles, essays, and surveys. His publications include:
    • Destructive Impulses: An Examination of an American Secret in Race Relations
    • Long Hammering: Essays on the Forging of an African American Presence in the Hudson Valley to the Early 20th Century
    • On the Morning Tide: African Americans, History, and Methodology in the Historical Ebb and Flow of Hudson River Society
    • Guide to the Survey of Historic Resources Associated with African Americans in New York State (1997)
    • New York City, African Americans and Selective Memory: An Historiographical Assessment of Black Presence Before 1877
    Dr. Williams-Myers is most generous with his time, often serving as a keynote speaker and resource person at events in the Hudson Valley celebrating Black history, where he acts as a Fundi, one who passes on the traditions to the next generation.



    In honor of Dr. Williams-Myers
    The Library at the A.J. Williams-Myers African Roots Center | 43 Gill Street, Kingston, N.Y. | Africanrootslibrary.org 

    We promote literacy through teaching and learning about the African roots experience, including history and culture, through a dynamic exchange of information, ideas, and creativity.

    Open Hours

    • Tuesdays 4pm-8pm
    • Wednesdays 4pm-6pm
    • Thursdays 4pm-6pm
    • Open other days / times for special events.



    Of particular note, from Dr. Williams-Myers


    PHOTO: From Amazon.com (https://www.amazon.com/dp/1592216978/ref=nav_timeline_asin?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1) and author, AJ Williams-Myers.


    "In Their Own Words-- Voices from the Middle Passage." Albert James Williams-Myers, Africa World Press. First edition, July 2009. In Their Own Words is a gripping and haunting encounter with voices once silenced by the tragic Atlantic Voyage The Middle Passage reaching out across time to be heard. The book originated from a student project in the author s class titled Historical Terrorism Directed at African Americans and Native Americans, taught during the Fall Semester of 2006 at the State University of New York at New Paltz. It was the final exercise of the term that put the students in a situation of feeling the long arm of terrorism, reaching out to touch them across a time barrier. The exercise was the viewing of the film, The Middle Passage, with each student writing a reaction (on the spot) of what they observed. Each was to put him/herself in the position of the Africans down in the hold of the slave ship chained to its superstructure. They had to envision the terror the Africans were confronted with as they lay in their own body excretions and that of others, with rats scurrying over them and eating at the dead, and the living, while at night having to listen to the moans of the sick and the dying, as well as the cries of women and children from the upper decks as they were being raped by the ship s white crew. It was like psycho-drama: being able not only to understand the unknown but as well to exorcise its nebulous, frightening psychic imagery. In the book students reactions are introduced only by their first names or African aliases. The book is a gripping collection of personal reactions to The Middle Passage by those who give voice to the many thousands gone but were unable to tell the world the horrors to which they were subjected. Voices that were once silenced by brutal death while still on board the slave ship, thrown overboard to be devoured by the schools of ravenous sharks that shadowed the ships, and/or were pulled below the surface of the waters by the mighty swirls of the Atlantic Ocean and drowned in centuries past, now reach out to us across that time barrier, having been given expression by students of the twenty-first century in their own words.


    Other works by Albert James Williams-Myers: https://www.amazon.com/s?i=stripbooks&rh=p_27%3AAlbert+James+Williams-Myers&s=relevancerank&text=Albert+James+Williams-Myers&ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1

    Related Online and Social Media


    • Website: https://africanrootslibrary.org/
    • Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/africanrootskingston/





    FreedomWalker's Sources and Credits



     FREEDOMWALKER'S MUSIC NOTES
    "Fingertips" is a 1963 hit single recorded live by "Little" Stevie Wonder for Motown's then Tamla label. Wonder's first hit single, "Fingertips" was the first live, non-studio recording to reach No.1 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart in the United States since Johnny Standley's 1952 comic monologue "It's in the Book". Wikipedia

    COFFEE & GREEN TEA COMBO

    • Theailgnedlife.com - 7 ways to Feel Abundant - Even when you're broke.


    THE SPRUCE
    • Thespruce.com
    K-TOWN NEWS
    • Almanac Weekly
    MINDFUL MUSEUM

    • Wabi-Sabi : "The Japanese Philosophy, for a perfectly Imperfect Life.
    • Book - "Awakening your IKIGAI,"  by Ken Mogi
    • "Living Buddhism" Magazine, Mar-Apr 2006. Featured Article - Developing Capable People 





    beetle's Sources, Citations, Credits, and Links


    INTERNET EDUCATION


     Multimedia - Argumentation


    Overviews:

    • "What is an Argument?" Kevin deLaplante, Youtube. January 29, 2013. [4:17] This video introduces the concept of an ARGUMENT as the term is used in logic and argumentation. (http://www.criticalthinkeracademy.com). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nq8-w2BAJkU
    • "Identifying Premises and Conclusions." Kevin deLaplante, Youtube. January 31, 2013. [5:34] Before you can analyze an argument you need to be sure that you've clearly identified the conclusion and the premises. This video discusses some of the challenges associated with this task. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07mehbgE5jc
    • "The Structure of Argument Overview." Susan Mulligan, Youtube. March 9, 2015. [3:09] This is a short Vidra video on the basic structure of a written argument. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dt6J_DoOmCw
    • "Structure of Argument." Friedprofessor K. Friedman, Youtube. February 22, 2017. [6:58] Basic and Classic Argument Structures. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VO4PCgFq8g
    • "Argument Structure." Karin Hogen, Youtube. August 12, 2015. [10:00] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hibix8OyQQ
    • "Basic Argument Structure." Ryan Kerr, Youtube. July 10, 2016. [6:46] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgTPw9J5a6M
    • "Basic Elements of Arguments." Professor RSP, Youtube. August 25, 2018. [37:43] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MltqtmNLiuY
    • "1.1 Basic Concepts: Arguments, Premises, & Conclusions." Mark Thorsby, Youtube. August 2, 2012. [35:32] This is the first video of the Introduction to Logic series in which Professor Thorsby covers the basics of arguments, premises, and conclusions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qL6HMPOYlVs
    • "Analyzing the argument - Part 1 of 2." Snap Language, Youtube. June 23, 2016. Analyzing the argument is an important skill in everyday life, but it is particularly important in academic reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Learn the basics of how arguments are built so you can analyze them more easily." https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pP8dWURrEF0
    • "Analyzing the Argument - Part 2 of 2." Snap Language, Youtube. July 27, 2017. [6:25] One way to analyze an argument is to evaluate the evidence presented. A well built argument must be supported by accurate, sufficient, and relevant evidence. Rather than simply accepting everything they read, critical readers ask questions. Critical reading is very important not only in academic reading, writing, listening, and speaking but also in every day life. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVf_iJpSIrM
    . . . FULL PLAYLIST: "Critical Reading." Snap Language, Youtube. [4 videos, last updated on August 5, 2017.] How to be a critical reader by distinguishing facts and opinions, analyzing the argument, and detecting bias and fallacies. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLS9dE7WMFmJhf0iVdOF5YQG0V9wlX9bhD

    • "CRITICAL THINKING - Fundamentals: Validity [HD]." Wireless Philosophy, Youtube. October 31, 2014. [7:06] In this Wireless Philosophy video, Paul Henne (Duke University) discusses the philosophical concept of validity. After reviewing the structure of an argument, he defines validity: an argument is valid if and only if its premises guarantee the conclusion. He reviews a few examples of validity and invalidity, and he leaves you with one example to figure out on your own. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdJ6aGToDlo
    . . . FULL PLAYLIST: "Introduction to Critical Thinking." Wireless Philosophy, Youtube. [35 video, last updated April 3, 2018.] https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtKNX4SfKpzX_bhh4LOEWEGy3pkLmFDmk


    Point-by-point HOW TOs:

    • "How to Argue - Philosophical Reasoning: Crash Course Philosophy #2." CrashCourse, Youtube. February 16, 2016. [9:42] Before we dive into the big questions of philosophy, you need to know how to argue properly. We’ll start with an overview of philosophical reasoning and breakdown of how deductive arguments work (and sometimes don’t work). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKEhdsnKKHs&t=1s
    • "How to Argue - Induction & Abduction: Crash Course Philosophy #3." CrashCourse, Youtube. February 22, 2016. [10:17] We continue our look at philosophical reasoning by introducing two more types: induction and abduction. Hank explains their strengths and weaknesses, as well as counterarguments and the Socratic method. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wrCpLJ1XAw
    • "Structure of Argument." Friedprofessor K. Friedman, Youtube. February 22, 2017. [6:58] Basic and Classic Argument Structures. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VO4PCgFq8g
    • "Debate Skill: Argument Building." Reading Pioneers Academy, Youtube. December 13, 2015. [11:08] The argument is a key weapon for a debater, however many people don't understand it's power. With this video, we learn about the structure of an argument and learn important tips and advice to making strong arguments to use in debates. Check our website for more debate resources: https://www.youtube.com/redirect?redir_token=im1ky49RuIPXp1rwyDSwMKy_IsB8MTU2MDUzMTI2MUAxNTYwNDQ0ODYx&event=video_description&v=1zZ4YEuThRw&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingpioneers.com%2Fcategory%2Fdebate
    • "Logic & Arguments - logical fallacies (formal & informal fallacies)." NativLang, Youtube. January 19, 2012. [5:32] Learn how to use logic to examine arguments and identify logical fallacies. This lesson repeats and emphasizes the distinction between the form and content of an argument, and then introduces informal fallacies and formal fallacies, providing basic examples of each. This video is part of a series of lessons exploring the logic of arguments. These lessons build on the introduction to logic, which presents logic as a language and a way to understand and analyze individual sentences.
    • "Logic & Arguments - premises & conclusions, truth, deduction vs. induction." NativLang, Youtube. January 19, 2012. [7:07] Learn how to use logic to examine arguments. This lesson introduces premises & conclusions, distinguishes the form of an argument from its content, conceptualizes truth & validity, and contrasts deductive & inductive reasoning. The video concludes with a brief overview of theories of truth (coherence, correspondence, foundationalism, etc.). This video is part of a series of lessons exploring the logic of arguments. These lessons build on the introduction to logic, which presents logic as a language and a way to understand and analyze individual sentences. I kept the section on truth short & superficial. If it's depth you crave, start with Stanford's articles on truth in logic: (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth/) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCXVYz8JOe4).


    Put a Little LOGIC in Your Side, Front, and Back Hustles:

    • "The Five Paragraph Argumentative Essay Structure" Holly Bullock, Youtube. October 30, 2013. [5:49] This video will help you learn the structure of the five paragraph essay format used for argumentative writing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57qLMT6tZp0
    • "How to Write a Good Argumentative Essay: Logical Structure." Kevin deLaplante, Youtube. November 22, 2009. [9:50] This is a sample video from a full video tutorial course that teaches you how to improve your academic essay writing. The course is hosted on Udemy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tAmgEa1B1vI
    • "How to Write an Argumentative Essay by Shmoop." Shmoop, Youtube. March 26, 2013. [2:55] Argumentative Essay: http://www.shmoop.com/essay-lab/argum... Who doesn't love a good argument? There's something invigorating about persuading another to come around to your point of view. And hey - if you make them look a little stupid in the process, well... so be it. Learn more about writing on our website: (http://www.shmoop.com/essay-lab/). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-lzGy5gizKg



    A Little (or a LOT) of all three:
    • "Critical Thinking." David Pakman Show, Youtube. [16 videos, last updated on March 25, 2018] The David Pakman Show critical thinking miniseries, including the basics of epistemology, arguments, reasoning, logical fallacies, and more. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLVrg5xLmCvhF79Ut_CBvv8HMPRjhIbXGa
    • "Critical Thinking Basics - Fallacies." Critical Thinking, Logic, and Argumentation (ReasonIO), Youtube. [32 videos, last updated on August 23, 2015] This playlist (currently in development) brings together my videos focused on particular fallacies, as well as more general videos about the nature of fallacious reasoning. In each of the videos of particular fallacies, I discuss what the fallacy is, map out its basic structure, point out what goes wrong with reasoning in the fallacy, examine three easy-to-understand examples, and give you advice about how to spot and avoid the fallacy. Eventually, this series will include over 50 videos on particular fallacies. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLy91AvVMEx_9q5dUC_w2AFzaS-qBN3mEg
    • "Critical Reasoning -The Structure of Argument." Shikshak ( mind school tsz ), Youtube. October 7, 2015. [34:42] What is an Argument ? The invisible assumption Spotting Reasons and Conclusions using conjunctions as key words. Practice questions, books, quizzes, new lessons. More at: (https://takshzila-shikshak.teachable.com)
    • "Episode 1.1: Introduction to Critical Thinking (revised)." Center for Innovation in Legal Education, Youtube. November 3, 2013. [12:48] A revised version of Episode 1.1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRmhB3MW6GE
    • "Episode 1.2: Understanding Arguments." Center for Innovation in Legal Education, Youtube. August 23, 2013. [10:35] A key component of critical thinking is understanding exactly what an argument is. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPgJCMd9a6k
    • "Episode 1.3: Deductive and Inductive Arguments." Center for Innovation in Legal Education, Youtube. August 23, 2013. [11:59] This episode covers two major types of arguments: deductive and inductive. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwtCScUoLw

    . . . FULL PLAYLIST: "Critical Thinking." Center for Innovation in Legal Education, Youtube. [23 videos, last updated on July 2, 2014] Though you may not realize it, you use critical thinking skills ever day. Join us as we talk about critical thinking and how it applies to your every day life. This series is a good supplement to any classroom as a blended implementation. These modules were developed as a partnership between the David Eccles School of Business and the S.J. Quinney College of Law. Scripts were written by Jessica Taverna and David Plumlee. Narration by Aaron Dewald and Cole Holmes. Production by Lance Finch and Aaron Dewald. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpbtRdN7xWUcPT0qWBfC52FubQxcgdgjk


    Resources & Articles - Argumentation
    1. "15 Logical Fallacies You Should Know Before Getting Into a Debate." David Ferrer, Thebestschools.org. Updated February 25, 2019. https://thebestschools.org/magazine/15-logical-fallacies-know/
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abductive_reasoning
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%E2%80%93synthetic_distinction
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent_(logic)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_fallacy
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentation_framework
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_free_will
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_map
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentation_theory
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attacking_Faulty_Reasoning
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_algebra
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Arguments
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Dilemmas
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Doubt
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fallacies
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Informal_arguments
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_proof
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequent
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency_(philosophy)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corresponding_conditional
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_reasoning
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_system
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeasible_reasoning
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilemma
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distinction_without_a_difference  
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exegesis
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy_of_relevance
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_fallacy
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_language
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_system
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formalism_(philosophy_of_mathematics)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottlob_Frege
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeneutics
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_and_only_if
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_and_only_if#Notation
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_reasoning
    • https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/infer
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretation_(logic)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies#Informal_fallacies
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_valid_argument_forms
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_criticism
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_theory
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_(disambiguation)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_and_dialectic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_consequence
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_constant
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_necessity
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_possibility
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_quantifier
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_truth
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loki%27s_Wager
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_conditional
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_(philosophy_of_language)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaningless_statement
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimesis
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_fallacy
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_theory
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessarily_true
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negation
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_analysis
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_razor
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_language
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possible_world
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premise
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_future_contingents
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposition
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductio_ad_absurdum
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance_conditional
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_inference
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_veritate
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_and_reference
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular_term
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiled_Dove_Plea
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundness
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statement_(logic)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strict_conditional
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautology_(logic)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis,_antithesis,_synthesis
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_value
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%E2%80%93token_distinction
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usually
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use%E2%80%93mention_distinction
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity_(logic)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_canon
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicked_problem
    • https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/tools/lp/Bo/LogicalFallacies
    • https://www.theskepticsguide.org/resources/logical-fallacies
    • https://yourbias.is/
    • https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/


    Resources & Articles - Critical Thinking and Examination
    • http://academic.shu.edu/english/1201/Reading/critical-reading-strategies.htm
    • https://craftx.org/sites/all/themes/craft_blue/pdf/Interrogating_the_Text_Five_Close_Reading_Strategies_p4.pdf
    • http://gsi.berkeley.edu/media/Reading.pdf
    • https://students.case.edu/academic/workshops/success/doc/critread.pdf
    • http://writing.umn.edu/sws/assets/pdf/quicktips/criticalread.pdf
    • http://www.criticalreading.com/critical_reading_thinking.htm
    • http://www.criticalthinking.org/
    • https://www.csuohio.edu/writing-center/critical-reading-what-critical-reading-and-why-do-i-need-do-it
    • https://www.esc.edu/online-writing-center/resources/critical-reading-writing/
    • https://www.montclair.edu/center-for-writing-excellence/digital-dashboard/writer-resources/critical-reading/
    • https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/critical-reading.html
    • https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/critical-thinking.html
    • https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ioe-writing-centre/critical-reading-and-writing/critical-reading-questions
    • http://www2.csudh.edu/ccauthen/099SBP/questions_for_critical_reading.htm
    • https://www2.open.ac.uk/students/skillsforstudy/critical-reading-techniques.php


    INTERNET MISCELLANEOUS


    Multimedia - Music

    • "All Tracks - Scala & Kolacny Brothers" Scala & Kolacny Brothers, Youtube Playlist [112 videos, Last updated on May 27, 2019] https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLeMKbyObe1wdy1GYb-11OtQSkHC-XixB1
    ~#~




    Sources for Meta on the Meta: "Is Your Logic Valid?"
    Multimedia


    1. "How to Argue - Philosophical Reasoning: Crash Course Philosophy #2." CrashCourse, Youtube. February 16, 2016. [9:42] Before we dive into the big questions of philosophy, you need to know how to argue properly. We’ll start with an overview of philosophical reasoning and breakdown of how deductive arguments work (and sometimes don’t work). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKEhdsnKKHs
    2. [Unaired, but used as a resource or reference] "How to Pronounce Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege." German Channel, Youtube. September 20, 2012. [0:19] Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (8 November 1848 -- 26 July 1925) was a German mathematician, logician and philosopher. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8cbQwcB99R4

    Resources & Articles
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent_(logic)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentation_framework
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_proof
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequent
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corresponding_conditional
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_reasoning
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_system
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distinction_without_a_difference
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_of_discourse
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_procedure
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_quantification
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_fallacy
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeneutics
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-order_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_and_only_if
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_reasoning
    • https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/infer
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretation_(logic)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_(disambiguation)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_consequence
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_form
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_necessity
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_possibility
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_quantifier
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_truth
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_conditional
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monadic_second-order_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessarily_true
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negation
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_analysis
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possible_world
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premise
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_theory
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposition
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantifier_(logic)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance_conditional
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_inference
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-order_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statement_(logic)
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_logic
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_value
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_quantification
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity_(logic)






    Music Playlists


    First Hour Music and Playlists:

    1. John Lennon: "Power to the People"
    2. Little Stevie Wonder: "Fingertips (part 2)"
    3. Radiohead: "Just (acoustic rare demo)" 



    Second Hour Music and Playlists:

    1. B-52's: "Rock Lobster"
    at

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